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Proverbs

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  • Proverbs

    This is a non-debate reading and grammatical analysis thread.

    Please do not post any cabala in this thread.

    Abbreviations:
    ASV = American Standard Version.
    BDB = A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the O.T. (Gesenius) edited by F. Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs.
    BHRG = A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, by C. van der Merwe, J. A. Naudé, and J. H. Kroeze.
    BHS = Biblica Hebraica Stuttgartensia.
    Delitzsch = Commentary on the Old Testament, by Keil and Delitzsch.
    ESV = English Standard Version.
    GKC = Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar edited and enlarged by E. Kautzsch, English edition revised by A. E. Cowley.
    HALOT = The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, by Koehler and Baumgartner.
    Holladay = A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, by William L. Holladay.
    IBHS = An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, by Bruce K. Waltke and M. O'Connor.
    Joüon = A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew translated and revised by T. Muraoka.
    KJV = King James Version.
    NET = New English Translation.
    NJB = New Jerusalem Bible.
    NRSV = New Revised Standard Version.
    Owens = Analytical Key to the Old Testament (Baker Book House, 1989), four volumes, by John Joseph Owens.
    REB = Revised English Bible.
    TEV = Today's English Version.
    TNIV = Today's New International Version.
    Waltke = Bruce K. Waltke, The Book of Proverbs (NICNT: Eerdmans, 2004 [vol. 1], 2005 [vol. 2]).
    YLT = Young's Literal Translation.
    Last edited by John Reece; 02-01-2015, 10:14 AM.

  • #2
    Proverbs

    BHS Text (Proverbs 1:1):
    מִשְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹה בֶן־דָּוִד מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל

    Transliteration:
    mišlê šᵉlōmō ben-dāwid melek yiśrāʾēl

    Translation (ESV):
    The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel:

    Glossary (meanings in this context):
    מִשְׁלֵי (mišlê) : plural construct of ‏מָשָׁל (māšāl) : the proverbs of.
    שְׁלֹמֹה (šᵉlōmō) : Solomon.
    בֶן (ben) : construct of בֵּן (bēn) : son of.
    דָּוִד (dāwid) : David.
    מֶלֶךְ (melek) : construct : king of.
    יִשְׂרָאֵל (yiśrāʾēl) : Israel.

    Comment


    • #3
      BHS Text (Proverbs 1:2a):
      ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏לָדַ עַת חָכְמָה וּמוּסָר

      Transliteration:
      lādaʿat ḥokmâ ûmûsār

      Translation (ESV):
      To know wisdom and instruction

      Glossary (meanings in this context):
      לָדַעַת (lādaʿat) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct of יָדַע‏ (yādaʿ) : to know.
      חָכְמָה (ḥokmâ) : wisdom.
      וּמוּסָר (ûmûsār) : conjunction וּ (û) + noun מוּסָר (mûsār) : and instruction

      Comment


      • #4
        Proverbs 1:2b

        Text (BHS):
        לְהָבִין אִמְרֵי בִינָה

        Transliteration (Accordance):
        lᵉhābîn ʾimrê bînâ

        Translation (ESV):
        to understand words of insight

        Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
        לְהָבִין (lᵉhābîn) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + Hiphil infinitive construct of בִּין (bîn) : to understand.
        אִמְרֵי (ʾimrê) : plural construct of אֵמֶר‏ (ʾēmer) : words of.
        בִינָה (bînâ) : insight.

        Comment


        • #5
          Proverbs 1:3a

          Text (BHS)
          לָקַחַת מוּסַר הַשְׂכֵּל

          Transliteration (Accordance):
          lāqaḥat mûsar haśkēl

          Translation (IBHS):
          to acquire the discipline of being prudent

          Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
          לְהָבִין (lāqaḥat) : preposition ‏לְ (lᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct of לָקַח ‏ (lāqaḥ) : to acquire.
          מוּסַר (mûsar) : construct : the discipline of.
          הַשְׂכֵּל (haśkēl) : Hiphil infinitive absolute (as substantive) of שָׂכַל (śākal) : prudence.

          Comment


          • #6
            Proverbs 1:3b

            Text (BHS):
            צֶדֶק וּמִשְׁפָּט וּמֵישָׁרִים

            Transliteration (Accordance):
            ṣedeq ûmišpāṭ ûmêšārîm

            Translation (Waltke):
            [to do]* what is right and just and fair
            *Verset 3b is in apposition to verset 3a.

            Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
            צֶדֶק (ṣedeq) : (what is) right.
            וּמִשְׁפָּט (ûmišpāṭ) : conjunction וּ (û) + noun מִשְׁפָּט (mišpāṭ) : and just.
            וּמֵישָׁרִים (ûmêšārîm) : conjunction וּ (û) + plural** of מֵישָׁר‏ (mêšār) : and fair.
            **An abstract plural (IBHS, pp. 120-21, P. 7.4.2); i.e., "a mass of equitable actions" (Toy, Proverbs, p. 12).

            Comment


            • #7
              Proverbs 1:4a

              Text (BHS):
              ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ לָתֵת לִפְתָאיִם עָרְמָה

              Transliteration (Accordance):
              lātēt liptāʾyim ʿormâ

              Translation (Waltke):
              to give the gullible shrewdness

              Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
              לָתֵת (lātēt) : preposition ‏לְ (lᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct of נָתַן‏ (nātan) : to give.
              לִפְתָאיִם (liptāʾyim) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + plural of פֶּתִי ‏ (petî) : to the young, naive person (easily deceived) (Holladay).
              עָרְמָה (ʿormâ) : cleverness (HALOT).

              Comment


              • #8
                Proverbs 1:4b

                Text (BHS):
                ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ לְנַעַר דַּעַת וּמְזִמָּה

                Transliteration (Accordance):
                lᵉnaʿar daʿat ûmᵉzimmâ

                Translation (Waltke):
                to the young knowledge and discretion

                Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                לְנַעַר (lᵉnaʿar) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + noun נַעַר (naʿar) : to the young.
                דַּעַת (daʿat) : knowledge.
                וּמְזִמָּה(ûmᵉzimmâ) : conjunction וּ (û) + noun מְזִמָּה (mᵉzimmâ) : and discretion.

                Comment


                • #9
                  Proverbs 1:5a

                  Text (BHS):
                  יִשְׁמַע חָכָם וְיוֹסֶף לֶקַח

                  Transliteration (Accordance):
                  yišmaʿ ḥākām wᵉyôsep leqaḥ

                  Translation (TNIV):
                  let the wise listen and add to their learning,

                  Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                  יִשְׁמַע (yišmaʿ) : Qal jussive* 3 m.s. of שָׁמַע ‏ (šāmaʿ) : let ... listen.
                  חָכָם (ḥākām) : adjective m.s. : the wise.
                  וְיוֹסֶף (wᵉyôsep) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Hiphil jussive 3 m.s. of יָסַף (yāsap) : and add.
                  לֶקַח (leqaḥ) : noun m.s. : insight (HALOT/Holladay).
                  *"Since the preamble states a book's aim, the ambiguous prefix conjunction is jussive, a sense confirmed by jussive yôsep" (Waltke).

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    Proverbs 1:5b

                    Text (BHS):
                    וְנָבוֹן תַּחְבֻּלוֹת יִקְנֶה

                    Transliteration (Accordance):
                    wᵉnābôn taḥbulôt yiqneh

                    Translation (TNIV):
                    and let the discerning get guidance

                    Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                    וְנָבוֹן (wᵉnābôn) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Niphal participle m.s. of בִּין (bîn) : and the discerning.
                    יִקְנֶה (yiqneh) : Qal jussive* of קָנָה (qānâ) : let him get.
                    תַּחְבֻּלוֹת (taḥbulôt)** : guidance.
                    *Probably a pausal, non-apocopated jussive (Waltke/IBHS, p. 566, §34.21a).
                    **An abstract plural (Waltke).

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      Proverbs 1:6a

                      Text (BHS):
                      ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ לְהָבִין מָשָׁל וּמְלִיצָה

                      Transliteration (Accordance):
                      lᵉhābîn māšāl ûmᵉlîṣâ

                      Translation (ESV):
                      to understand a proverb and a saying

                      Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                      לְהָבִין (lᵉhābîn) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + Hiphil infinitive construct of בִּין (bîn) : to understand.
                      מָשָׁל (māšāl) : a proverb.
                      וּמְלִיצָה (ûmᵉlîṣâ) : conjunction וּ (û) + noun מְלִיצָה (mᵉlı̂ṣâ) : and an allusive saying. (Holladay).
                      Last edited by John Reece; 02-02-2014, 08:25 AM.

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        Proverbs 1:6b

                        Text (BHS):
                        ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים וְחִידֹתָם

                        Transliteration (Accordance):
                        dibrê ḥᵃkāmîm wᵉḥîdōtām

                        Translation (ESV):
                        the words of the wise and their riddles.

                        Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                        דִּבְרֵי (dibrê) : plural construct of דָּבָר (dābār) : the words of.
                        חֲכָמִים (ḥᵃkāmîm) : adjective plural of חָכָם (ḥākām) : the wise.
                        וְחִידֹתָם (wᵉḥîdōtām) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + plural of חִידָה (ḥîdâ) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : and their riddles.

                        Comment


                        • #13
                          Proverbs 1:7a

                          Text (BHS):
                          ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ ‏יִרְאַת יְהוָה רֵאשִׁית דָּעַת

                          Transliteration (Accordance):
                          yirʾat YHWH rēʾšît dāʿat

                          Translation (TNIV):
                          The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge

                          Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                          יִרְאַת (yirʾat) : construct of יִרְאָה (yirʾâ) : the fear of.
                          יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
                          רֵאשִׁית (rēʾšît) : construct : [is] the beginning of.
                          דָּעַת (dāʿat) : knowledge.

                          Comment


                          • #14
                            Proverbs 1:7b

                            Text (BHS):
                            חָכְמָה וּמוּסָר אֱוִילִים בָּזוּ

                            Transliteration (Accordance):
                            ḥokmâ ûmûsār ʾᵉwîlîm bāzû

                            Translation (TNIV):
                            but fools despise wisdom and instruction.

                            Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                            חָכְמָה (ḥokmâ) : wisdom.
                            וּמוּסָר (ûmûsār) : conjunction וּ (û) + noun מוּסָר (mûsār) : and instruction.
                            אֱוִילִים (ʾᵉwîlîm) : plural of אֱוִיל (ʾᵉwîl) : fools.
                            בָּזוּ (bāzû) : Qal perfect 3 c.p. of בּוּז (bûz) : despise.

                            Comment


                            • #15
                              Proverbs 1:8a

                              Text (BHS):
                              שְׁמַע בְּנִי מוּסַר אָבִיךָ

                              Transliteration (Accordance):
                              šᵉmaʿ bᵉnî mûsar ʾābîkā

                              Translation (TNIV):
                              Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction

                              Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                              בְּנִי (bᵉnî) : noun בֵּן (bēn) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my son.
                              שְׁמַע (šᵉmaʿ) : Qal imperative 2 m.s. of שָׁמַע (šāmaʿ) : listen to.
                              מוּסַר (mûsar) : construct : the instruction of.
                              אָבִיךָ (ʾābîkā) : noun אָב (ʾāb) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your father.

                              Comment

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