John's XSD Thread [Archive] - TheologyWeb Campus

GrayPilgrim

May 2nd 2003, 05:42 PM

This is the entry for חסד in HALOT this is a module of BibleWorks in which I converted the fonts to show up here.

Hal3053 חסד

I חסד: JArm.t חסדאi, Syr. hÌes/zdaÒ, CPArm. (only pl.) hÌsdyn, Mnd. חסידא (MdD 142a, Brockelmann Syr. Gramm §49); Arm.lw. Wagner 105:

—1. shame Lv 20:17 Pr 14:34;

—2. abuse Sir 41:22 (Marg.) = Sir^MIV:3, חסדים 1QM iii 6 (alt. II). †

II חסד (ca. 250 x; sg. 234 x, 125 x Ps): ï חסיד and II חסד: MHb., JArm.tg חסדא, Syr. hÌesdaÒ, CPArm. hÌs/zd, Mnd. חסידא, everywhere < Heb., (Nöldeke Neue Beitr. 93; Lidzbarski Johannesbuch 109^4); II חסד, Arb. hÌasëada to come together for aid; Glueck HÌesed :: Stoebe VT 2:244ff; Johnson Fschr. Mowinckel 100ff: חסד, חסדו (Sam.M48 isd-), חסדך, חס דים, חס די, חסדיו, חסדו, (Ps 106:45 and Lam 3:22, K חסדו), Ps 119:41 חסדך (BL 252r, Sec. εσδαχ Brönno 136f :: Beer-M. §52:1b);

—1. joint obligation between relatives, friends, host and guest, master and servant; closeness, solidarity, loyalty: a) חסד and ברית
(שמר וב ‘וה ‘חסד Dt 7:9, with שמר 7:12); ב’שמר comes about by a ceremony ח’ב results from the closer relationship between two people, the obligations are largely the same; ח’ ואמת Gn 24:27.49 and אמונה וח’ח Ps 89:25 lasting loyalty, faithfulness; עשה ח’ אמונה אח to show loyalty Gn 21:23 Jos 2:12 Ju 1:24 8:35 1S 15:6 20:8 2S 3:8 9:1.7 10:2 Ru 1:8 1C 19:2; b) ח’עשה ח exists between a son and a dying father Gn 47:29, a wife and a husband Gn 20:13 (cf. Jr 2:2 || אהבה), relatives Ru 2:20, guests Gn 19:19, friends 1S 20:8 2S 9:1, people who do each other a service Ju 1:24, king and people 2S 3:8 2C 24:22; c) > esp.: איש ח’אהבה confidant Pr 11:17, cj.איש חסדך your faithful servant Dt 33:8 (alt. favourite) אנשי ח’איש חסדך the godly Is 57:1;מלכך ח’אנשי ח loyal kings 1K 20:31; איש חסדו each one’s faithfulness Pr 20:6; d) community > protection Ps 144:2 (prp. חסני), > favour Ezr 2:9.17 (חן וח ‘חסני),
ח’ לפני המלך the favour of the king Ezr 7:28; תורת ח’ח kind teaching Pr 31:26; charm (of flowers) Is 40:6 (cf. MHb. חסודה lovely, cj. חמדו);

—2. ADm.x,Åx in God’s relationship with the people or an individual, faithfulness, goodness, graciousness: a) xÅy Åx Ps 33:5 103:17, ~yhil{a/ Åx 2S 9:3 Ps 52:10; !Ayl.[, Åx 21:8; ADsx; ~l'A[l. Jr 33:11 Ps 136:1-26 100:5 106:1 107:1 118:1-4.29 Ezr 3:11; cj. Ps 4:4 (rd. yli ADsx;) and 12:2 (rd. ds,x,), $'D>s.x;B. in your faithfulness (to me) 143:12; mercy $'D>s.x;B.Åx #pex' :: @a; Mi 7:18; b) @a;Åx hf'[' to show faithfulness with ~[i Ru 1:8, with l. Ex 20:6 and above (ï 1a); l.Åx rm;v' Dt 7:9 Da 9:4 and x rm;v'Åx rc;n" to keep faithfulness Ex 34:7 x rc;n"Åx rk;z" to remember Ps 983, ~[ime Åx bz:[' to withdraw faithfulness Gn 24:27; c) God is x bz:['Åx br; abounding in faithfulness Ex 34:6 Nu 14:18 Jl 2:13 Jon 4:2 Ps 86:5.15 103:8 Neh. 9:17;

—3. pl. חסדי חסדים etc. the individual actions resulting from solidarity: a) (of people) godly action, achievements: by Nehemiah Neh 13:14, Hezekiah 2C 32:32, Josiah 35:26; b) (God’s) proofs of mercy Gn 32:11 Is 63:7 Ps 89:2 Lam 3:22; חסדי דויד mercies shown to David Is 55:3 2C 6:42; רחמים וחסדים Ps 25:6;

—Ps 52:3 rd. חסיד, Pr 20:28b rd. בצדק (?).

Der. חסיד, חסידה, n.m. III חסד, חסד
--> יושב.

III חסד: n.m.; short form of חסדיה (Noth 183); Palm. n.f. CIS 2/3:4449; n.m. חסדא Moscati 74:2: official of Solomon 1K 4:10. †

Here is a quick note on Hebrew Lexicography. You will note that after some Hebrew letters there is an apostrophe. Generally it looks like this ח’ אתם לא כל כך בסדר. That just means that the word being discussed is abbreviated.

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This is a work in progress
Last Updated 5/8 @ 3:45 PM EST

John Reece

May 2nd 2003, 10:45 PM

Genesis 21

23 Now therefore swear to me here by God that you will not deal falsely with me or with my descendants (ולניני) or with my posterity (ולנכדי), but as I have dealt kindly (כחסד) with you, so you will deal with me and with the land where you have sojourned."

The Hebrew word rendered “kindly” in Genesis 21:23 is a composite word consisting of a prefixed preposition and the noun חסד, which Holladay defines, in the context of Genesis 21:23, as "show loyalty Gn 21:23".

The LXX has κατα την δικαιοσυνην for כחסד.

John Reece

May 3rd 2003, 09:44 AM

Genesis 24

12 And he said, "O LORD, God of my master Abraham, please grant me success today and show steadfast love (חסד / ελεο&sigmaf;) to my master Abraham.

14 Let the young woman to whom I shall say, 'Please let down your jar that I may drink,' and who shall say, 'Drink, and I will water your camels'--let her be the one whom you have appointed for your servant Isaac. By this I shall know that you have shown steadfast love (חסד / ελεο&sigmaf;) to my master."

The Hebrew word rendered steadfast love in Genesis 24:12 and 14 (חסד) is defined by Holladay as “obligation to the community in relation to relatives, friends, guests, master and servants, etc.; unity, solidarity, loyalty”.

John Reece

May 3rd 2003, 11:17 AM

There are two different lexicons being used on this thread. Both are based on the Lexicon in Viteris Testamenti Libros of Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner. I am using the 1971 edition of an abridgement of the third edition edited by William L. Holladay: A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. GrayPilgrim is using an unabridged version of the 4th Edition of The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, by Koehler, Baumbartner, Stamm.

The Introduction to A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament by Holladay (the abridged edition I am using), begins with this:

The advent of the first edition of the Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros of Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner (1953) was a major event in recent Old Testament studies, gathering together as it did a vast treasure of lexicographical material which had become available up to the time of publication, with renderings into both German and English ; and the Supplementum ad Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros (1958) – which, together with the first edition, was then called the second edition – included both corrections and more recent material from the five intervening years. This lexicon broke with the classic lexicographical tradition of Gesenius, represented in English by A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament of Brown, Driver, and Briggs (1907), corrected impression 1952), and took a fresh look at all the lexical evidence. One advantage of the Koehler-Baumgartner Lexicon was immediately evident to everyone who used it: it offered a strictly alphabetical order of entries rather than an arrangement by verbal roots, an innovation (along with the provision of generous cross-references) which saved the user much time. More fundamentally, the lexicon took full advantage of the colossal increase in our knowledge of Semitic linguistics (exemplified by the discovery of Ugaritic). But the increase of our knowledge has continued unabated in the years since, and the need to remedy the apparent defects in the first/second edition and to take account of that steady increase in our knowledge has rendered a revision more and more desirable.

Regrettably, Professor Koehler died in 1956, but Professor Baumgartner then undertook himself the awesome task in which Professors Benedikt Hartmann and E. Y. Kutscher have been collaborating. This revision, called the third edition, is now appearing in print (first fascicle 1967). Up to the present moment approximately two-thirds of the third edition has been completed in manuscript form ; but now comes word of the death of Professor Baumgartner, in January of this year [note: 1970 – JR], at the age of 82. It is lamentable that he could not live to see the completion of this crown of his life-work, upon which he expended so much energy and acuity. We are assured that his collaborators will complete the task, though there will be inevitable delays.

In the planning of this third edition the decision was made, in the interest of saving space, to dispense with renderings in English – thus making the new material unavailable to the student who does not handle German ; and since the English renderings of the first edition were in some instances inadequate or misleading, there has seemed to be a real need for an English edition, in abridged format, of the Koehler-Baumgartner lexical material. The present work is a response to that need.

John Reece

May 4th 2003, 10:13 PM

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

John Reece

May 4th 2003, 10:20 PM

Genesis 24

26 The man bowed his head and worshiped the LORD 27 and said, "Blessed be the LORD, the God of my master Abraham, who has not forsaken his steadfast love (חסד / δικαιοσυνη) and his faithfulness (אמת / αληθεια) toward my master. As for me, the LORD has led me in the way to the house of my master's kinsmen." (ESV)

For definitions, see posts # 4 and 8.

The Greek words are the LXX renderings of the Hebrew words.

John Reece

May 5th 2003, 02:22 PM

Genesis 24

49 Now then, if you are going to show steadfast love (חסד / δικαιοσυνη) and faithfulness (אמת /αληθεια) to my master, tell me; and if not, tell me, that I may turn to the right hand or to the left."

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual act flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The Greek words are the LXX renderings of the Hebrew words.

John Reece

May 5th 2003, 07:01 PM

Genesis 32

10 (English/LXX) / 11 (Hebrew) I am not worthy of the least of all the deeds of steadfast love (חסד / δικαιοσυνη) and all the faithfulness (אמת / αληθεια) that you have shown to your servant, for with only my staff I crossed this Jordan, and now I have become two camps.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual act flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The Greek words are the LXX renderings of the Hebrew words.

John Reece

May 6th 2003, 01:02 PM

Genesis 39

21 But the LORD was with Joseph and showed him steadfast love (חסד / δικαιοσυνη) and gave him favor (חן / χαρι&sigmaf;) in the sight of the keeper of the prison.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

See post # 4 above for unabridged definition.

The Greek words are the LXX renderings of the Hebrew words.

John Reece

May 6th 2003, 07:27 PM

Genesis 40

14 Only remember me, when it is well with you, and please do me the kindness (חסד / ελεο&sigmaf;) to mention me to Pharaoh, and so get me out of this house.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

See post # 4 above for unabridged definition.

The Greek after the Hebrew in text above is the LXX rendering.

John Reece

May 8th 2003, 05:54 AM

Genesis 47

29 And when the time drew near that Israel must die, he called his son Joseph and said to him, "If now I have found favor (חן / χαριν) in your sight, put your hand under my thigh and promise to deal kindly and truly with me. Do not bury me in Egypt, but let me lie with my fathers. Carry me out of Egypt and bury me in their burying place." He answered, "I will do as you have said." (ESV)

In the ESV text of Genesis 47:29, the Hebrew phrase rendered deal kindly and truly with me is עשית עמדי חסד ואמת, which means “show [covenant] loyalty and faithfulness to me”

The LXX has ποιησει&sigmaf; επ’ εμε ελεημοσυνην.

See post # 4 for unabridged definition of חסד .

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

dizzle

May 8th 2003, 06:09 AM

This stuff is great... GP make sure that these threads get the archive tag.

John Reece

May 8th 2003, 03:23 PM

Exodus 15

13 "You have led in your steadfast love the people whom you have redeemed;
you have guided them by your strength to your holy abode. (ESV)

In Exodus 15:13, the Hebrew word rendered “steadfast love" in the ESV is חסד.

See post #4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has δικαισυνη.

John Reece

May 8th 2003, 08:28 PM

Exodus 20

5 You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. (ESV)

In Exodus 20:5, there is no Hebrew word corresponding to the word “generation” in the ESV (it is implicit in the Hebrew text; the LXX has γενεα). In 20:6, the Hebrew word rendered steadfast love is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 9th 2003, 12:45 PM

Exodus 34

6 The LORD passed before him and proclaimed, "The LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and gracious (רחום וחנין / οικτιρμων, και ελεημων), slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness (חסד ואמת / πολυελεο&sigmaf;, και αληθινο&sigmaf;), 7 keeping steadfast love (חסד / δικαιοσυνην και ελεο&sigmaf;) for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children's children, to the third and the fourth generation (implicit in Hebrew; γενεα in LXX)." (ESV)

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

Exodus 34:6 is a cross-reference to John 1:17 in the Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament:

John 1

17 For the law was given through Moses; grace (חסד / χαρι&sigmaf;) and truth (אמת / αληθεια) came through Jesus Christ.

John Reece

May 9th 2003, 09:28 PM

Numbers 14

18 'The LORD is slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love, forgiving iniquity and transgression, but he will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, to the third and the fourth generation.' 19 Please pardon the iniquity of this people, according to the greatness of your steadfast love, just as you have forgiven this people, from Egypt until now." (ESV)

In Numbers 14:18-19, the Hebrew word rendered “steadfast love” in the ESV is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has πολυελεο&sigmaf; in verse 18 and ελεο&sigmaf; in verse 19.

John Reece

May 10th 2003, 04:16 PM

Deuteronomy 5

8 "'You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 9 You shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. (ESV)

In Deuteronomy 5:8, the Hebrew word rendered “steadfast love” in the ESV is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 10th 2003, 10:12 PM

Deuteronomy 7

6 "For you are a people holy to the LORD your God. The LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for his treasured possession, out of all the peoples who are on the face of the earth. 7 It was not because you were more in number than any other people that the LORD set his love on you and chose you, for you were the fewest of all peoples, 8 but it is because the LORD loves you and is keeping the oath that he swore to your fathers, that the LORD has brought you out with a mighty hand and redeemed you from the house of slavery, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. 9 Know therefore that the LORD your God is God, the faithful God who keeps covenant and steadfast love (חסד) with those who love him and keep his commandments, to a thousand generations, 10 and repays to their face those who hate him, by destroying them. He will not be slack with one who hates him. He will repay him to his face. 11 You shall therefore be careful to do the commandment and the statutes and the rules that I command you today.
12 "And because you listen to these rules and keep and do them, the LORD your God will keep with you the covenant and the steadfast love (חסד) that he swore to your fathers. 13 He will love you, bless you, and multiply you. He will also bless the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your ground, your grain and your wine and your oil, the increase of your herds and the young of your flock, in the land that he swore to your fathers to give you. 14 You shall be blessed above all peoples. There shall not be male or female barren among you or among your livestock. 15 And the LORD will take away from you all sickness, and none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which you knew, will he inflict on you, but he will lay them on all who hate you. 16 And you shall consume all the peoples that the LORD your God will give over to you. Your eye shall not pity them, neither shall you serve their gods, for that would be a snare to you.

For unabridged and abridged definitions of חסד see post # 4 and post # 8.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf; for both occurrences of חסד above.

John Reece

May 11th 2003, 07:50 PM

Joshua 2

12 Now then, please swear to me by the LORD that, as I have dealt kindly with you, you also will deal kindly with my father's house, and give me a sure sign 13 that you will save alive my father and mother, my brothers and sisters, and all who belong to them, and deliver our lives from death." (ESV)

In the ESV version of Joshua 2:12 :

The Hebrew phrase rendered “I have dealt kindly with you” is עשיתי עמכם חסד.

The Hebrew phrase rendered “you also will deal kindly with my father's house” is גם אתם עם בית אבי חסד ונתתם.

In Joshua 2:12, the ESV renders the noun חסד as though it were an adverb: “kindly” – just one of countless examples of the fact that חסד is the most inadequately translated word in the Hebrew Bible, a contributing factor being the fact that the LXX renders חסד with the word ελεο&sigmaf; (pity, mercy, kindness).

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד .

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

Rahab had risked her life for the spies; and the context of Joshua 2:12 shows that there was a may-we-die-if-we-fail-to-keep-it caliber of covenantal commitment made between the Hebrew spies and Rahab.

John Reece

May 12th 2003, 08:59 AM

Joshua 2

14 And the men said to her, "Our life for yours even to death! If you do not tell this business of ours, then when the LORD gives us the land we will deal kindly and faithfully with you."
(ESV)

In Joshua 2:14, the Hebrew phrase rendered in the ESV “we will deal kindly and faithfully with you” is ועןינו עמך חסה ואמת, which means something like, “we will be true (אמת) to you and keep our commitment (חסה) to you even if it costs us our lives.”

See post # 4 for and unabridged definition of חסה.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX changes the speaker from the spies to Rahab. That is, in Hebrew, the spies speak to Rahab, making an unbreakable commitment to her. In the LXX, Rahab speaks to the spies requesting a commitment from the spies: ποιησετε ει&sigmaf; εμε ελεο&sigmaf; και αληθειαν.

John Reece

May 12th 2003, 05:50 PM

Judges 1

24 And the spies saw a man coming out of the city, and they said to him, "Please show us the way into the city, and we will deal kindly with you." (ESV)

In Judges 1:24, the Hebrew phrase rendered in the ESV “we will deal kindly with you” is ועשיני עמך חסד

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד

From C. F. Keil (Commentary on the Old Testament):

Ver. 24. And the watchmen (i.e. the spies sent out to explore Bethel) saw a man coming out of the town, and got him to show them the entrance into it, under a promise that they would show him favour, i.e. would spare the lives of himself and his family (see Josh. ii. 12, 13) ; whereupon they took the town and smote it without, according to the law in Deut. xx. 16, 17, letting none but the man and his family go.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has και ποιησομεν μετα σου ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 13th 2003, 08:05 AM

Judges 8

33 As soon as Gideon died, the people of Israel turned again and whored after the Baals and made Baal-berith their god. 34And the people of Israel did not remember the LORD their God, who had delivered them from the hand of all their enemies on every side, 35 and they did not show steadfast love to the family of Jerubbaal (that is, Gideon) in return for all the good that he had done to Israel. (ESV)

In Judges 8:35, the Hebrew word rendered “steadfast love” is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 13th 2003, 05:50 PM

Ruth 1

8 But Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, "Go, return each of you to her mother's house. May the LORD deal kindly with you, as you have dealt with the dead and with me. (ESV)

In Ruth 1:8, the Hebrew phrase rendered “May the LORD deal kindly with you” in the ESV is יעשת יהוה עמכם חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ποιησαι Κυριο&sigmaf; μεθ’ υμων ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 13th 2003, 10:25 PM

Ruth 2

20 And Naomi said to her daughter-in-law, "May he be blessed by the LORD, whose kindness has not forsaken the living or the dead!" Naomi also said to her, "The man is a close relative of ours, one of our redeemers." (ESV)

In Ruth 2:20, the Hebrew word rendered "kindness" in the ESV is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 14th 2003, 02:57 PM

Ruth 3

Ruth and Boaz at the Threshing Floor

1 Then Naomi her mother-in-law said to her, "My daughter, should I not seek rest for you, that it may be well with you? 2 Is not Boaz our relative, with whose young women you were? See, he is winnowing barley tonight at the threshing floor. 3 Wash therefore and anoint yourself, and put on your cloak and go down to the threshing floor, but do not make yourself known to the man until he has finished eating and drinking. 4 But when he lies down, observe the place where he lies. Then go and uncover his feet and lie down, and he will tell you what to do." 5 And she replied, "All that you say I will do." 6 So she went down to the threshing floor and did just as her mother-in-law had commanded her. 7 And when Boaz had eaten and drunk, and his heart was merry, he went to lie down at the end of the heap of grain. Then she came softly and uncovered his feet and lay down. 8 At midnight the man was startled and turned over, and behold, a woman lay at his feet! 9 He said, "Who are you?" And she answered, "I am Ruth, your servant. Spread your wings over your servant, for you are a redeemer." 10 And he said, "May you be blessed by the LORD, my daughter. You have made this last kindness greater than the first in that you have not gone after young men, whether poor or rich. 11 And now, my daughter, do not fear. I will do for you all that you ask, for all my fellow townsmen know that you are a worthy woman. 12 And now it is true that I am a redeemer. Yet there is a redeemer nearer than I. 13 Remain tonight, and in the morning, if he will redeem you, good; let him do it. But if he is not willing to redeem you, then, as the LORD lives, I will redeem you. Lie down until the morning." (ESV)

In Ruth 3:10, the Hebrew word rendered kindness in the ESV is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 14th 2003, 07:20 PM

1 Samuel 15

4 So Saul summoned the people and numbered them in Telaim, two hundred thousand men on foot, and ten thousand men of Judah. 5 And Saul came to the city of Amalek and lay in wait in the valley. 6 Then Saul said to the Kenites, "Go, depart; go down from among the Amalekites, lest I destroy you with them. For you showed kindness to all the people of Israel when they came up out of Egypt." So the Kenites departed from among the Amalekites. 7 And Saul defeated the Amalekites from Havilah as far as Shur, which is east of Egypt. 8 And he took Agag the king of the Amalekites alive and devoted to destruction all the people with the edge of the sword. (ESV)

In 1 Samuel 15:6, the Hebrew word that is rendered kindness in the ESV is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 14th 2003, 10:52 PM

1 Samuel 20

Jonathan Warns David

1 Then David fled from Naioth in Ramah and came and said before Jonathan, "What have I done? What is my guilt? And what is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?" 2 And he said to him, "Far from it! You shall not die. Behold, my father does nothing either great or small without disclosing it to me. And why should my father hide this from me? It is not so." 3 But David vowed again, saying, "Your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes, and he thinks, 'Do not let Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved.' But truly, as the LORD lives and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death." 4 Then Jonathan said to David, "Whatever you say, I will do for you." 5 David said to Jonathan, "Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit at table with the king. But let me go, that I may hide myself in the field till the third day at evening. 6 If your father misses me at all, then say, 'David earnestly asked leave of me to run to Bethlehem his city, for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the clan.' 7 If he says, 'Good!' it will be well with your servant, but if he is angry, then know that harm is determined by him. 8 Therefore deal kindly (תעשה חסד) with your servant, for you have brought your servant into a covenant of the LORD with you. But if there is guilt in me, kill me yourself, for why should you bring me to your father?" 9 And Jonathan said, "Far be it from you! If I knew that it was determined by my father that harm should come to you, would I not tell you?" 10 Then David said to Jonathan, "Who will tell me if your father answers you roughly?" 11 And Jonathan said to David, "Come, let us go out into the field." So they both went out into the field. 12 And Jonathan said to David, "The LORD, the God of Israel, be witness! When I have sounded out my father, about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if he is well disposed toward David, shall I not then send and disclose it to you? 13 But should it please my father to do you harm, the LORD do so to Jonathan and more also if I do not disclose it to you and send you away, that you may go in safety. May the LORD be with you, as he has been with my father. 14 If I am still alive, show me the steadfast love (חסד) of the LORD, that I may not die; 15 and do not cut off your steadfast love (חסד) from my house forever, when the LORD cuts off every one of the enemies of David from the face of the earth." 16 And Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, "May the LORD take vengeance on David's enemies." 17 And Jonathan made David swear again by his love for him, for he loved him as he loved his own soul. (ESV)

In 1 Samuel 20:8 and 14 (x2), the Hebrew word rendered “kindly” (verse 8) and “steadfast love” (verse 14) in the ESV is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 15th 2003, 03:51 PM

2 Samuel 2

4 And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. When they told David, "It was the men of Jabesh-gilead who buried Saul," 5 David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh-gilead and said to them, "May you be blessed by the LORD, because you showed this loyalty (חסד) to Saul your lord and buried him. 6 Now may the LORD show steadfast love and faithfulness (חסד ואמת)) to you. And I will do good to you because you have done this thing. 7 Now therefore let your hands be strong, and be valiant, for Saul your lord is dead, and the house of Judah has anointed me king over them." (ESV)

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has eleoV in verse 5, and eleoV kai alhqeian in verse 6.

(Edited to add: reference to unabridged definition)

John Reece

May 15th 2003, 06:07 PM

2 Samuel 3

8 Then Abner was very angry over the words of Ish-bosheth and said, "Am I a dog's head of Judah? To this day I keep showing steadfast love (חסד) to the house of Saul your father, to his brothers, and to his friends, and have not given you into the hand of David. And yet you charge me today with a fault concerning a woman. 9 God do so to Abner and more also, if I do not accomplish for David what the LORD has sworn to him, 10 to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan to Beersheba." (ESV)

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 15th 2003, 11:16 PM

2 Samuel 7

10 And I will appoint a place for my people Israel and will plant them, so that they may dwell in their own place and be disturbed no more. And violent men shall afflict them no more, as formerly, 11 from the time that I appointed judges over my people Israel. And I will give you rest from all your enemies. Moreover, the LORD declares to you that the LORD will make you a house. 12 When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. 14 I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son. When he commits iniquity, I will discipline him with the rod of men, with the stripes of the sons of men, 15 but my steadfast love will not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away from before you. 16 And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me. Your throne shall be established forever.'"

In 2 Samuel 7:15, the Hebrew word rendered steadfast love is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:
[list]
חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 16th 2003, 03:05 PM

2 Samuel 9

1 And David said, "Is there still anyone left of the house of Saul, that I may show him kindness for Jonathan's sake?" 2 Now there was a servant of the house of Saul whose name was Ziba, and they called him to David. And the king said to him, "Are you Ziba?" And he said, "I am your servant." 3 And the king said, "Is there not still someone of the house of Saul, that I may show the kindness of God to him?" Ziba said to the king, "There is still a son of Jonathan; he is crippled in his feet." 4 The king said to him, "Where is he?" And Ziba said to the king, "He is in the house of Machir the son of Ammiel, at Lo-debar." 5 Then King David sent and brought him from the house of Machir the son of Ammiel, at Lo-debar. 6 And Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan, son of Saul, came to David and fell on his face and paid homage. And David said, "Mephibosheth!" And he answered, "Behold, I am your servant." 7 And David said to him, "Do not fear, for I will show you kindness for the sake of your father Jonathan, and I will restore to you all the land of Saul your father, and you shall eat at my table always." (ESV)

In 2 Samuel 9:1, 3, and 7, the Hebrew word rendered “kindness” in the ESV is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has ελεο&sigmaf;.

John Reece

May 16th 2003, 08:50 PM

2 Samuel 10

1 After this the king of the Ammonites died, and Hanun his son reigned in his place. 2 And David said, "I will deal loyally (אעשה חסד) with Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father dealt loyally (עשה חסד) with me." So David sent by his servants to console him concerning his father. And David's servants came into the land of the Ammonites. (ESV)

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has poihsw eleoV and epoihsen eleoV.

John Reece

May 17th 2003, 07:55 AM

2 Samuel 15

19 Then the king said to Ittai the Gittite, "Why do you also go with us? Go back and stay with the king, for you are a foreigner and also an exile from your home. You came only yesterday, and shall I today make you wander about with us, since I go I know not where? Go back and take your brothers with you, and may the LORD show steadfast love and faithfulness to you." 21 But Ittai answered the king, "As the LORD lives, and as my lord the king lives, wherever my lord the king shall be, whether for death or for life, there also will your servant be." 22 And David said to Ittai, "Go then, pass on." So Ittai the Gittite passed on with all his men and all the little ones who were with him. 23 And all the land wept aloud as all the people passed by, and the king crossed the brook Kidron, and all the people passed on toward the wilderness. (ESV)

In 2 Samuel 15:20, the ESV is interesting, given the Hebrew it renders: שוב והשב את אחיך עמך חסד ואמת.

Not that the ESV is an inaccurate rendering of the sense of the Hebrew; however, a wooden literal rendering would be more like this: Go back and take your countrymen with you loyalty and faithfulness.” An interesting translational challenge, and an interesting ESV rendering.

Ah! When we look at the LXX, we see the source of the ESV rendering: epistrefou kai epistreyon touV adelfouV sou meta sou, kai KurioV poihsei meta sou eleoV kai alhqeian.

See post # for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

Edited to correct spelling of Greek word.

John Reece

May 17th 2003, 04:18 PM

2 Samuel 16

Absalom Enters Jerusalem

15 Now Absalom and all the people, the men of Israel, came to Jerusalem, and Ahithophel with him. 16 And when Hushai the Archite, David's friend, came to Absalom, Hushai said to Absalom, "Long live the king! Long live the king!" 17 And Absalom said to Hushai, "Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with your friend?" 18 And Hushai said to Absalom, "No, for whom the LORD and this people and all the men of Israel have chosen, his I will be, and with him I will remain. 19 And again, whom should I serve? Should it not be his son? As I have served your father, so I will serve you." (ESV)

In 2 Samuel 16:17, the Hebrew word that is rendered loyalty in the ESV is חסד.

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has eleoV.

John Reece

May 17th 2003, 08:02 PM

2 Samuel 22

26 "With the merciful you show yourself merciful;
with the blameless man you show yourself blameless;
27 with the purified you deal purely,
and with the crooked you make yourself seem tortuous.
28 You save a humble people,
but your eyes are on the haughty to bring them down. (ESV)

In 2 Samuel 22:26, the Hebrew phrase rendered With the merciful you show yourself merciful in the ESV is עם חסיד תתחסד, which consists of a preposition, an adjectival cognate of חסד, and a verbal cognate of חסד.

One is חסיד if he practices חסד.

The Hithpael imperfect of the verb חסד is תתחסד, which means to conduct oneself as חסד (loyal, faithful).

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר [“keeping the covenant and the commitment” -JR] Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 [= cross reference at John 1:17 in margin of Nestle-Aland GNT –JR] ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has Meta osiou osiwqhsh (with the holy you will be holy).

John Reece

May 18th 2003, 06:51 AM

2 Samuel 22

47 "The LORD lives, and blessed be my rock,
and exalted be my God, the rock of my salvation,
48 the God who gave me vengeance
and brought down peoples under me,
49 who brought me out from my enemies;
you exalted me above those who rose against me;
you delivered me from men of violence.
50 "For this I will praise you, O LORD, among the nations,
and sing praises to your name.
51 Great salvation he brings to his king,
and shows steadfast love (חסד) to his anointed,
to David and his offspring forever." (ESV)

See post # 4 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

The LXX has eleoV.

John Reece

May 18th 2003, 03:26 PM

1 Kings 2

5 "Moreover, you also know what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, how he dealt with the two commanders of the armies of Israel, Abner the son of Ner, and Amasa the son of Jether, whom he killed, avenging in time of peace for blood that had been shed in war, and putting the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the sandals on his feet. 6 Act therefore according to your wisdom, but do not let his gray head go down to Sheol in peace. 7 But deal loyally (תעשה חכד) with the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be among those who eat at your table, for with such loyalty they met me (כי כן קרבו אלי) when I fled from Absalom your brother. (ESV)

That’s an interesting rendering of כי כן קרבו אלי in verse 7, wherein the ESV had led me to expect to find a repetition of חסד.

The LXX has poihseiV eleoV in verse 7a, and hggisan moi in 7b.

For definitions of חסד, see post # 4 (unabridged) and post # 8 (abridged) on page 1.

John Reece

May 18th 2003, 06:02 PM

1 Kings 3

5 At Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon during the night in a dream, and God said, "Ask for whatever you want me to give you." 6 Solomon answered, "You have shown great kindness (חסד) to your servant, my father David, because he was faithful to you and righteous and upright in heart. You have continued this great kindness (חסד) to him and have given him a son to sit on his throne this very day. (ESV)

For definitions of חסד, see post # 4 (unabridged) and post # 8 (abridged) on page 1.

The LXX has eleoV.

John Reece

May 19th 2003, 03:11 AM

1 Kings 8

Solomon's Prayer of Dedication

22 Then Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all the assembly of Israel and spread out his hands toward heaven, 23 and said, "O LORD, God of Israel, there is no God like you, in heaven above or on earth beneath, keeping covenant and showing steadfast love (שםר הברית והחסד - keeping the covenant and the commitment) to your servants who walk before you with all their heart, 24 who have kept with your servant David my father what you declared to him. You spoke with your mouth, and with your hand have fulfilled it this day. 25 Now therefore, O LORD, God of Israel, keep for your servant David my father what you have promised him, saying, 'You shall not lack a man to sit before me on the throne of Israel, if only your sons pay close attention to their way, to walk before me as you have walked before me.' 26 Now therefore, O God of Israel, let your word be confirmed, which you have spoken to your servant David my father. (ESV)

For definitions of חסד, see post # 4 (unabridged) and post # 8 (abridged) on page 1.

The LXX has fulasswn diaqhkhn kai eleoV.

Sher

May 19th 2003, 03:13 AM

/ot You rock, John! :thumb:

John Reece

May 19th 2003, 03:15 AM

Bless you, SherBear!

I need and appreciate a little encouragement now and then :smile: .

John Reece

May 19th 2003, 05:49 PM

1 Kings 20

31 And his servants said to him, "Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings (מלכי חסד loyal kings). Let us put sackcloth around our waists and ropes on our heads and go out to the king of Israel. Perhaps he will spare your life." 32 So they tied sackcloth around their waists and put ropes on their heads and went to the king of Israel and said, "Your servant Ben-hadad says, 'Please, let me live.'" And he said, "Does he still live? He is my brother." [33[/b] Now the men were watching for a sign, and they quickly took it up from him and said, "Yes, your brother Ben-hadad." Then he said, "Go and bring him." Then Ben-hadad came out to him, and he caused him to come up into the chariot. 34 And Ben-hadad said to him, "The cities that my father took from your father I will restore, and you may establish bazaars for yourself in Damascus, as my father did in Samaria." And Ahab said, "I will let you go on these terms." So he made a covenant with him (ויכרת לו ברית) and let him go. (ESV)

For an unabridged definition of חסד, see post # 4 on page 1.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initiated by ceremony, חסד results from closer relation between parties, but the obligations are largely the same ; חסד וברית Genesis 24:27, 49 lasting loyalty, faithfulness ; עשה חסד Genesis 21:23 ; b) חסד exists between son and dying father Genesis 47:29, wife and husband Genesis 20:13, people who do favors for each other Judges 1:24, king and people 2 Samuel 3:8 ; c) specifically : איש חסד confidant Proverbs 11:17 ; םלכי חסד loyal kings 1 Kings 20:31 ; איש חסדו everyone his faithfulness Proverbs 20:6 ; d) community > protection Psalm 144:2 > favor Ester 2:9, 17, חסד לפני המלך [favor before the king] Ezra 7:28 ; תורת חסד friendly instruction Proverbs 31:26 ; charm (of flowers) Isaiah 40:6 ; - 2. חסד in relation of God to people or individuals, faithfulness, kindness, grace : a) חסד יהוה Psalm 33:5 ; לעולם חסדו Jeremiah 33:11 ; b) עשה חסד, with ל Exodus 20:6 ; שמר הברית והחסר Deuteronomy 7:8 ; c) God is רב חסד ואמת rich in loyalty and faithfulness Exodus 34:6 ; - 3. plural חסדים, חסדי, et cetera individual acts flowing from solidarity : a) (of men) godly deeds Nehemiah 13:14 ; b) (of God) evidences of grace Isaiah 55:3.

Edited to add (ESV) to scripture quote

John Reece

May 20th 2003, 01:06 PM

1 Chronicles 16

28 Ascribe to the LORD, O clans of the peoples,
ascribe to the LORD glory and strength!
29 Ascribe to the LORD the glory due his name;
bring an offering and come before him!
Worship the LORD in the splendor of holiness;
30 tremble before him, all the earth;
yes, the world is established; it shall never be moved.
31 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice,
and let them say among the nations, "The LORD reigns!"
32 Let the sea roar, and all that fills it;
let the field exult, and everything in it!
33 Then shall the trees of the forest sing for joy
before the LORD, for he comes to judge the earth.
34 Oh give thanks to the LORD, for he is good;
for his steadfast love endures forever! (ESV)

In 1 Chronicles 16:34, the Hebrew phrase rendered his steadfast love endures forever is לעולם חסדו. The final black letter is a possessive pronoun suffix (“his”).

See post # 4 on page 1 for an unabridged definition of חסד.

From Holladay’s Concise Lexicon:

חסד : - 1 obligation to the community in relation to relatives, guests, master and servants, et cetera ; unity, solidarity, loyalty : a) חסד and ברית (agreement, alliance, covenant :) a ברית is initi