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Biblical Languages 301 Guidelines

This is where we come to delve into the biblical text. Theology is not our foremost thought, but we realize it is something that will be dealt with in nearly every conversation. Feel free to use the original languages to make your point (meaning Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic). This is an exegetical discussion area, so please limit topics to purely biblical ones.

This is not the section for debates between theists and atheists. While a theistic viewpoint is not required for discussion in this area, discussion does presuppose a respect for the integrity of the Biblical text (or the willingness to accept such a presupposition for discussion purposes) and a respect for the integrity of the faith of others and a lack of an agenda to undermine the faith of others.

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John 13-17

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  • #91
    John 15:17

    Text: (NA27):
    ταῦτα ἐντέλλομαι ὑμῖν, ἵνα ἀγαπᾶτε ἀλλήλους.

    Transliteration (Accordance):
    tauta entellomai hymin, hina agapate allēlous.

    Translation (RSV):
    This I command you, to love one another.

    Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
    ταῦτα : refers to what follows : this.
    ἐντέλλομαι : I command.
    ἵνα : epexegetical.
    ἀγαπᾶτε : subjunctive (same as indicative) of ἀγαπάω love.

    Comment


    • #92
      John 15:18

      Text: (NA27):
      Εἰ ὁ κόσμος ὑμᾶς μισεῖ, γινώσκετε ὅτι ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν.

      Transliteration (Accordance):
      Ei ho kosmos hymas misei, ginōskete hoti eme prōton hymōn memisēken.

      Translation (RSV):
      If the world hates you, know that it has hated me before it hated you.

      Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
      μισέω : hate.
      γινώσκετε : imperative of γινώσκω know.
      πρῶτον : for comparative πρότερον prior, either adjective accusative earlier or neuter as adverb before.
      μεμίσηκεν : perfect, i.e. "hated and still hates"; here, owing to the mention of specific time, English can only use the past hated.

      Comment


      • #93
        John 15:19

        Text: (NA27):
        εἰ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου ἦτε, ὁ κόσμος ἂν τὸ ἴδιον ἐφίλει· ὅτι δὲ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου οὐκ ἐστέ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐγὼ ἐξελεξάμην ὑμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου, διὰ τοῦτο μισεῖ ὑμᾶς ὁ κόσμος.

        Transliteration (Accordance):
        εἰ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου ἦτε, ὁ κόσμος ἂν τὸ ἴδιον ἐφίλει· ὅτι δὲ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου οὐκ ἐστέ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐγὼ ἐξελεξάμην ὑμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου, διὰ τοῦτο μισεῖ ὑμᾶς ὁ κόσμος.

        Translation (NRSV):
        If you belonged to the world, the world would love you as its own. Because you do not belong to the world, but I have chosen you out of the world—therefore the world hates you.

        Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
        εἰ ...ἦτε ἐκ : (ἦτε = imperfect εἰμί) if you were of/belonged to, "unreal" condition.
        ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου : i.e. with the outlook and spirit of this world.
        ἴδιος : proper to an individual, one's own.
        ἂν ... ἐφίλει : would love, imperfect of φιλέω hold in affection.
        ἐξελεξάμην : aorist of ἐκλέγομαι choose.

        Comment


        • #94
          John 15:20

          Text: (NA27):
          μνημονεύετε τοῦ λόγου οὗ ἐγὼ εἶπον ὑμῖν· οὐκ ἔστιν δοῦλος μείζων τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ. εἰ ἐμὲ ἐδίωξαν, καὶ ὑμᾶς διώξουσιν· εἰ τὸν λόγον μου ἐτήρησαν, καὶ τὸν ὑμέτερον τηρήσουσιν.

          Transliteration (Accordance):
          mnēmoneuete tou logou hou egō eipon hymin; ouk estin doulos meizōn tou kyriou autou. ei eme ediōxan, kai hymas diōxousin; ei ton logon mou etērēsan, kai ton hymeteron tērēsousin.

          Translation (NRSV):
          Remember the word that I said to you, ‘Servants are not greater than their master.’ If they persecuted me, they will persecute you; if they kept my word, they will keep yours also.

          Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
          μνημονεύετε : imperative of μνημονεύω (τινός) remember (something).
          οὗ : for ὅν by attraction of the relative.
          μείζων : (comparative of μέγας) greater.
          ἐδίωξαν : aorist of διώκω pursue ; persecute.
          διώξουσιν : future of διώκω.
          ἐτήρησαν : aorist of τηρέω keep.
          τηρήσουσιν : future of τηρέω.

          Comment


          • #95
            John 15:21

            Text: (NA27):
            ἀλλὰ ταῦτα πάντα ποιήσουσιν εἰς ὑμᾶς διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου, ὅτι οὐκ οἴδασιν τὸν πέμψαντά με.

            Transliteration (Accordance):
            alla tauta panta poiēsousin eis hymas dia to onoma mou, hoti ouk oidasin ton pempsanta me.

            Translation (NRSV):
            But they will do all these things to you on account of my name, because they do not know him who sent me.

            Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
            ποιήσουσιν : future of ποιέω do.
            εἰς : to, with hostile connotation.
            διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου : on my account, because of me.
            πέμψαντα : aorist participle of πέμπω send.

            Comment


            • #96
              John 15:22

              Text: (NA27):
              εἰ μὴ ἦλθον καὶ ἐλάλησα αὐτοῖς, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν· νῦν δὲ πρόφασιν οὐκ ἔχουσιν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν.

              Transliteration (Accordance):
              ei mē ēlthon kai elalēsa autois, hamartian ouk eichosan; nyn de prophasin ouk echousin peri tēs hamartias autōn.

              Translation (NRSV):
              If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have sin; but now they have no excuse for their sin.

              Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
              εἰ μὴ ἦλθον καί : unreal condition, if I had not come and...
              ἐλάλησα : aorist of λαλέω speak.
              εἴχοσαν : for εἴχον imperfect of ἔχω (form seemingly imported from -μι verbs e.g. ἐδίδοσν) ; "unreal" apodosis with ἄν omitted.
              νῦν δέ : but as it is.
              πρόφασις : pretext, excuse.
              περί : translate (in this context) for.

              Comment


              • #97
                John 15:23

                Text: (NA27):
                ὁ ἐμὲ μισῶν καὶ τὸν πατέρα μου μισεῖ.

                Transliteration (Accordance):
                ho eme misōn kai ton patera mou misei.

                Translation (NRSV):
                Whoever hates me hates my Father also.

                Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
                μισῶν : participle of μισέω hate.

                Comment


                • #98
                  John 15:24

                  Text: (NA27):
                  εἰ τὰ ἔργα μὴ ἐποίησα ἐν αὐτοῖς ἃ οὐδεὶς ἄλλος ἐποίησεν, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν· νῦν δὲ καὶ ἑωράκασιν καὶ μεμισήκασιν καὶ ἐμὲ καὶ τὸν πατέρα μου.

                  Transliteration (Accordance):
                  ei ta erga mē epoiēsa en autois ha oudeis allos epoiēsen, hamartian ouk eichosan; nyn de kai heōrakasin kai memisēkasin kai eme kai ton patera mou.

                  Translation (NRSV):
                  If I had not done among them the works that no one else did, they would not have sin. But now they have seen and hated both me and my Father.

                  Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
                  εἰ...μὴ ἐποίησα : (aorist ποιέω) if I had not done.
                  ἐν : among.
                  οὐδεὶς ἄλλος : no one else, no other man.
                  ἑωράκασιν : perfect of ὁράω see.
                  μεμισήκασιν : perfect of μισέω hate.

                  Comment


                  • #99
                    John 15:25

                    Text: (NA27):
                    ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα πληρωθῇ ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ αὐτῶν γεγραμμένος ὅτι ἐμίσησάν με δωρεάν.

                    Transliteration (Accordance):
                    all’ hina plērōthȩ̄ ho logos ho en tō̧ nomō̧ autōn gegrammenos hoti emisēsan me dōrean.

                    Translation (NRSV):
                    It was to fulfill the word that is written in their law, ‘They hated me without a cause.’

                    Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
                    πληρωθῇ : aorist passive subjunctive of πληρόω fulfill.
                    ἵνα : either supply (this is so) in order that, or ἵνα is absolute = imperative but...must be fulfilled.
                    γεγραμμένος : perfect passive participle of γράφω write.
                    ὅτι = "...
                    ἐμίσησαν : aorist of μισέω hate.
                    δωρεάν : gratuitously, without reason..

                    Comment


                    • John 15:26

                      Text: (NA27):
                      Οταν ἔλθῃ ὁ παράκλητος ὃν ἐγὼ πέμψω ὑμῖν παρὰ τοῦ πατρός, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεται, ἐκεῖνος μαρτυρήσει περὶ ἐμοῦ·

                      Transliteration (Accordance):
                      Ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ παράκλητος ὃν ἐγὼ πέμψω ὑμῖν παρὰ τοῦ πατρός, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεται, ἐκεῖνος μαρτυρήσει περὶ ἐμοῦ·

                      Translation (NRSV):
                      When the Advocate comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who comes from the Father, he will testify on my behalf.

                      Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
                      ἔλθῃ : aorist subjunctive of ἔρχομαι come.
                      παράκλητος : advocate ; helper : comforter.
                      πέμψω : future of πέμπω send.
                      ἐκπορεύομαι : to be in motion from one area to another, go out, proceed.
                      μαρτυρήσει : future of μαρτυρέω testify.

                      Comment


                      • John 15:27

                        Text: (NA27):
                        καὶ ὑμεῖς δὲ μαρτυρεῖτε, ὅτι ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ ἐστε.

                        Transliteration (Accordance):
                        kai hymeis de martyreite, hoti ap’ archēs met’ emou este.

                        Translation (NRSV):
                        You also are to testify because you have been with me from the beginning.

                        Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
                        ἀρχή : beginning.
                        ἐστε : even though action continues into the present, English requires have been.

                        Comment


                        • John 16:1

                          Text: (NA27):
                          Ταῦτα λελάληκα ὑμῖν ἵνα μὴ σκανδαλισθῆτε.

                          Transliteration (Accordance):
                          Tauta lelalēka hymin hina mē skandalisthēte.

                          Translation (NRSV):
                          I have said these things to you to keep you from stumbling.

                          Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
                          λελάληκα : perfect of λαλέω speak.
                          σκανδαλισθῆτε : aorist passive subjunctive of σκανδαλίζω cause to stumble or sin ; passive, morally, be led/fall into sin, in faith, fall away, lapse from the faith.

                          Comment


                          • John 16:2

                            Text: (NA27):
                            ἀποσυναγώγους ποιήσουσιν ὑμᾶς· ἀλλ᾿ ἔρχεται ὥρα ἵνα πᾶς ὁ ἀποκτείνας ὑμᾶς δόξῃ λατρείαν προσφέρειν τῷ θεῷ.

                            Transliteration (Accordance):
                            aposynagōgous poiēsousin hymas; all’ erchetai hōra hina pas ho apokteinas hymas doxȩ̄ latreian prospherein tō̧ theō̧.

                            Translation (NRSV):
                            They will put you out of the synagogues. Indeed, an hour is coming when those who kill you will think that by doing so they are offering worship to God.

                            Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
                            ἀποσυνάγωγος : put out of the synagogue, excommunicate(d).
                            ποιήσουσιν : future of ποιέω do, make.
                            ἀλλά = αλλά καί not only so, cf. Luke 12:7 αλλά καί not only so, but indeed.
                            ἔρχεται : present referring to future is coming
                            ὥρα : a time.
                            ἵνα : either for τοῦ + infinitive ; or perhaps representing Aramaic di, an indeclinable relative, which may also refer back to an expression of time, ἵνα would then = ᾗ or ὅτι.
                            ἀποκτείνας : aorist participle of ἀποκτείνω kill.
                            δόξῃ : aorist subjunctive of δοκέω suppose, think.
                            λατρεία : service of God, a religious obligation.
                            προσφέρειν : infinitive of προσφέρω bring to ; offer.

                            Comment


                            • John 16:3

                              Text: (NA27):
                              καὶ ταῦτα ποιήσουσιν ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὸν πατέρα οὐδὲ ἐμέ.

                              Transliteration (Accordance):
                              kai tauta poiēsousin hoti ouk egnōsan ton patera oude eme.

                              Translation (NRSV):
                              And they will do this because they have not known the Father or me.

                              Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
                              ἔγνωσαν : aorist of γινώσκω know.

                              Comment


                              • John 16:4

                                Text: (NA27):
                                ἀλλὰ ταῦτα λελάληκα ὑμῖν ἵνα ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἡ ὥρα αὐτῶν μνημονεύητε αὐτῶν ὅτι ἐγὼ εἶπον ὑμῖν. Ταῦτα δὲ ὑμῖν ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὐκ εἶπον, ὅτι μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν ἤμην.

                                Transliteration (Accordance):
                                ἀlla tauta lelalēka hymin hina hotan elthȩ̄ hē hōra autōn mnēmoneuēte autōn hoti egō eipon hymin. Tauta de hymin ex archēs ouk eipon, hoti meth’ hymōn ēmēn.

                                Translation (TNIV):
                                I have told you this, so that when their hour comes you will remember that I warned you about them. I did not tell you this from the beginning because I was with you

                                Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG):
                                λελάληκα : perfect of λαλέω speak.
                                ἵνα : final in order that.
                                ἔλθῃ : aorist subjunctive of ἔρχομαι come.
                                μνημονεύητε : subjunctive of μνημονεύω, remember, subjunctive depending on ἵνα.
                                αὐτῶν : neuter plural referring to ταῦτα.

                                Comment

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