Gospel of John (A Reading)

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:16):

[greek]kai toiV taV peristeraV pwlousin eipen[/greek]
[greek]arate tauta enteuqen[/greek]
[greek]mh poieite ton oikon tou patroV mou[/greek]
[greek]oikon emporiou[/greek]

Transliteration:

kai tois tas peristeras pōlousin eipen
arate tauta enteuthen
mē poieite ton oikon tou patros
oikon emporiou

Translation (ESV):

And he told those who sold the pigeons,
"Take these things away;
do not make my Father’s house
a house of trade."

Analysis (Zerwick; brackets added):

[greek]pwlousin[/greek] participle dative plural of [greek]pwlew[/greek] to exchange or barter, to sell
[greek]peristera[/greek] verse 14.
[greek]arate[/greek] aorist imperative of [greek]airw[/greek] take up, carry, take away.
[greek]enteuqen[/greek] from here.
[greek]mh poieite[/greek] imperative of [greek]poiew[/greek], present stop making ! [BG: Especially in prohibitions it commonly happens that [greek]mh[/greek] with the present imperative is used to forbid the continuation of an act].
[greek]emporion[/greek] market; [greek]emporiou[/greek] = epexegetical genitive.

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:17):

[greek]emnhsqhsan oi maqhtai autou[/greek]
[greek]oti gegrammenon estin[/greek]
[greek]o zhloV to oikou sou katafagetai me[/greek]

Transliteration:

emnēsthēsan hoi mathētai autou
hoti gegrammenon estin
ho zēlos to oikou sou kataphagetai me

Translation (ESV):

His disciples remembered
that it was written,
"Zeal for your house will consume me."

Analysis (Zerwick; brackets added):

[greek]emnhsqhsan [/greek] aorist deponent of [greek]mimnhskomai[/greek] call to mind.
[greek]gegrammenon[/greek] perfect passive participle of [greek]grafw[/greek] write : [greek]to gegrammenon[/greek] what stands written, i.e. the words of Scripture.
[greek]zhloV[/greek] (< [greek]zew[/greek] boil, seethe) zeal, with objective genitive zeal for.
[greek]katafagetai[/greek] future of [greek]katesqiew[/greek] eat up, devour.

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:18):

[greek]Apekriqhsan oun oi Ioudaioi[/greek]
[greek]kai eipon autw[/greek]
[greek]ti shmeion deiknueiV hmin[/greek]
[greek]oti tauta poieiV[/greek]

Transliteration:

Apekrithēsan oun hoi Ioudaioi
kai eipon autō
ti sēmeion deiknueis
hoti tauta poieis

Translation (ESV):

So the Jews
said to him,
"What sign do you show us
for doing these things?"

Analysis (Zerwick; brackets added):

[greek]apekriqhsan[/greek] aorist deponent [greek]apokrinomai[/greek] answer.
[greek]deiknuw[/greek] show, later form of [greek]deiknumi[/greek].
[greek]oti[/greek] to account for, giving the reason for the question.

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:19):

[greek]apekriqh IhsouV eipen autoiV[/greek]
[greek]lusate to naon touton[/greek]
[greek]kai en trisin hmeraiV[/greek]
[greek]egerw auton[/greek]

Transliteration:

apekrithē Iēsous eipen autois
lusate to naon touton
kai en trisin ēmerais
egerō auton

Translation (ESV):

Jesus answered them,
"Destroy this temple,
and in three days
I will raise it up."

Analysis (Zerwick; brackets added):

[greek]lusate[/greek] aorist imperative of [greek]luw[/greek] unloose, break up, destroy.
[greek]naoV[/greek] temple.
[greek]trisin[/greek] dative of [greek]treiV[/greek], in 3 days.
[greek]egerw[/greek] future of [greek]egeirw[/greek].

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:20):

[greek]eipan oun oi Ioudaioi,[/greek]
[greek]tesserakonta kai ex etesin oikodomhqh o naoV outoV,[/greek]
[greek]kai su en trisin hmeraiV egereiV auton;[/greek]

Transliteration:

eipan oun hoi Ioudaioi
tesserakonta kai hex etesin oikodomēthē ho naos outos
kai su en trisin hēmerais egereis auton?

Translation (ESV):

The Jews then said,
"It has taken forty-six years to build this temple,
and will you raise it up in three days?"

Analysis (Zerwick; brackets added):

[greek]tesserakonta kai ex[/greek] = 46.
[greek]etesin[/greek] dative plural of [greek]etoV[/greek] year; dative of time instead of accusative of duration.
[greek]oikodomhqh[/greek] aorist passive (augment lacking) [greek]oikodomew[/greek] build ; constative (global) aorist.
[BG: The global aorist. There is perhaps a risk that some may suppose the aorist to express necessarily a momentary action (because [greek]poihsai[/greek] = do a thing definitively = posit an act, as distinct from [greek]poiein[/greek] = be doing it over a length of time). In fact, of course, the action expressed by the aorist may have occupied a long time, or the reference may be to an act frequently repeated; the aorist will be used so long as the writer wishes simply to record the fact of the act or acts, and not to represent the action as in progress or habitual, i.e. so long as the whole activity expressed by the verb is regarded globally.]

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:21):

[greek]ekeinoV de elegen peri tou naou tou swmatoV autou[/greek]

Transliteration:

ekeinos de elegen peri tou naou tou sōmatos autou

Translation (ESV):

But he was speaking about the temple of his body.

Analysis (Zerwick; brackets added):

[greek]swmatoV[/greek] epexegetic genitive, [greek]naoV tou swmatoV[/greek] the temple which was his body.
BG: Epexegetic genitive. From an exegetical point of view, especial attention is to be paid to the "epexegetic" genitive or genitive of apposition (i.e. in which the substantive added in the genitive is in reality an apposition denoting the same person or thing as the substantive to which the genitive is attached, as in the English usage "city of Rome", with which contrast the Latin urbs Roma) for it is comparatively rare, and is not always immediately recognized as such, whence there may arise apparent difficulties of interpretation.

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:22):

[greek]ote oun hgerqh ek nekrwn,[/greek]
[greek]emnhsqhsan oi maqhtai autou[/greek]
[greek]oti touto elegen,[/greek]
[greek]kai episteusan th grafh[/greek]
[greek]kai tw logw on eipen o IhsouV.[/greek]

Transliteration:

hote oun ēgerthē ek nekrōn,
emnēsthēsan hoi mathē autou
hoti touto elegen,
kai episteusan tē graphē
kai tō logō hon eipen ho Iēsous.

Translation (ESV):

When therefore he was raised from the dead,
his disciples remembered
that he had said this,
and they believed the Scripture
and the word that Jesus had spoken.

Analysis (Zerwick; brackets added):

[greek]hgerqh[/greek] aorist passive intransitive of [greek]egeirw[/greek].
[greek]emnhsqhsan[/greek] verse 17.
[greek]elege[/greek] ?modal imperfect of [greek]legw[/greek] he meant to say, or he had meant.
[greek]episteusan[/greek] verse 11, with dative believe to be true.
[greek]grafh[/greek] writing, Scripture.

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:23):

[greek]WV de hn en toiV IerosolumoiV[/greek]
[greek]en tw pasca en th eorth,[/greek]
[greek]polloi episteusan eiV to onoma autou[/greek]
[greek]qewrounteV autou ta shmeia a epoiei[/greek]

Transliteration:

hŌs de ēn en tois hierosolumois
en tō pascha en tē heortē,
polloi episteusan eis onoma autou
theōrountes autou ta sēmeia ha epoiei.

Translation (ESV):

Now when he was in Jerusalem
at the Passover Feast,
many believed in his name
when they saw the signs that he was doing.

Analysis (Zerwick):

[greek]pasca[/greek] verse 13.
[greek]eorth[/greek] feast, festival.
[greek]onoma[/greek] 1:12.
[greek]qewrounteV[/greek] participle of [greek]qewrew[/greek] observe, see.
[greek]epoiei[/greek] imperfect of [greek]poiew[/greek] do, make ; the proleptic [greek]autou[/greek] echoing Semitic idiom [BG: "A certain pronominal prolepsis, also redolent of Semitism, is to be found where the subject of a relative clause is anticipated by a pronoun in the main clause [...]."].

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:24):

[greek]autoV de IhsouV ouk episteuen auton autoiV[/greek]
[greek]dia to auton kinwskein pantaV[/greek]

Transliteration:

autos de Iēsous ouk episteuen auton autois
dia to auton kinōskein pantas

Translation (ESV):

But Jesus on his part did not entrust himself to them,
because he knew all people

Analysis (Zerwick):

[greek]episteuen[/greek] imperfect [greek]pisteuw ti tini[/greek] entrust something to someone.
[greek]dia to[/greek] with accusative + infinitive because.
[greek]pantaV[/greek] masculine plural (accusative) all men.

[John Reece]

Text (John 2:25):

[greek]kai oti ou creian eicen[/greek]
[greek]ina tiV marturhsh[/greek]
[greek]peri tou anqrwpou[/greek]
[greek]autoV gar eginwsken[/greek]
[greek]ti hn en tw anqrwpw[/greek]

Transliteration:

kai hoti ou chreian eichen
hina tis marturēsē
peri tou anthrōpou
autos gar eginōsken
ti ēn en tō anthrōpō

Translation (ESV):

and needed no one
to bear witness
about man,
for he himself knew
what was in man.

Analysis (Zerwick):

[greek]creia[/greek] necessity, need ; [greek]creian ecw tinoV[/greek] have need of something, need something.
[greek]eicen[/greek] imperfect of [greek]ecw[/greek] have.
[greek]ina[/greek] for infinitive [BG "[greek]Ina[/greek] seems also to be found in place of ([greek]tou[/greek] with) an infinitive in dependence upon a substantive..."].
[greek]marturhsh[/greek] aorist subjunctive of [greek]marturew[/greek] testify, give evidence, be a witness.
[greek]tou anqrwpou, tw anqrwpw[/greek] (definite) article generic (= typifying a whole class).
[greek]eginwsken[/greek] imperfect of [greek]ginwskw[/greek] know.
[greek]hn[/greek] 3 s.g. imperfect of [greek]eimi[/greek] be.

[John Reece]

Text (John 3:1):

[greek]Hn de anqrwpoV ek twn Farisaiwn,[/greek]
[greek]NikodhmoV onoma autw,[/greek]
[greek]arcwn twn Ioudaiwn.[/greek]

Transliteration:

Ēn de anthrōpos ek tōn Pharisaiōn,
Nikodēmos onoma autō,
archōn tōn Ioudaiōn.

Translation (ESV):

Now there was a man of the Pharisees
named Nicodemus,
a ruler of the Jews.

Analysis (Zerwick):

[greek]ek twn Farisaiwn[/greek] of the Pharisees, [greek]ek[/greek] for the partitive genitive.
[greek]NikodhmoV onoma autw[/greek], a parenthesis, "Nicodemus (was) the name to him", his name was Nicodemus.
[greek]arcwn[/greek] [greek]-contoV o[/greek] ruler ; authority, official, [greek]arcwn twn Ioudaiwn[/greek] a leading Jew (JB), a member of the Jewish council (NEB).

[John Reece]

Text (John 3:2):

[greek]outoV hlqen proV auton nuktoV kai eipen autw,[/greek]
[greek]rabbi, oidamen oti apo qeou elhluqaV didaskaloV[/greek]
[greek]oudeiV gar dunatai tauta ta shmeia a su poieiV,[/greek]
[greek]ean mh h o qeoV met' autou.[/greek]

Transliteration:

houtoV ēlthen pros auton nuktos kai eipen autō,
rabbi, oidamen hoti apo theou elēluthas didaskalos,
oudeis gar dunatai tauta ta sēmeia ha su poieis,
ean mē ē ho theos met' autou.

Translation (ESV):

This man came to Jesus by night and said to him,
"Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God,
for no one can do these signs that you do
unless God is with him."

Analysis (Zerwick):

[greek]nuktoV[/greek] ([greek]vux[/greek]) genitive of time "during which".
[greek]rabbi[/greek] rabbi, in Aramaic, mode of address to a teacher, master 1:38.
[greek]elhluqaV[/greek] perfect 2nd singular of [greek]ercomai[/greek] come.
[greek]didaskaloV[/greek] master, teacher.
[greek]shmeion[/greek] 2:11.
[greek]ean mh[/greek] unless.
[greek]h[/greek] [with circumflex accent and iota subscript] subjunctive of [greek]eimi[/greek] be.

[John Reece]

Text (John 3:3):

[greek]apekriqh IhsouV kai eipen autw,[/greek]
[greek]amhn amhn legw soi,[/greek]
[greek]ean mh tiV gennhqh anwqen,[/greek]
[greek]ou dunatai idein thn basileian tou qeou.[/greek]

Transliteration:

apekrithē Iēsous kai eipen autō,
amēn amēn legō soi,
ean mē tis gennēthē anōthen,
ou dunatai idein tēn basileian tou theou.

Translation (ESV):

Jesus answered him,
"Truly, truly, I say to you,
unless one is born again
he cannot see the kingdom of God."

Analysis (Zerwick):

[greek]apekriqh[/greek] aorist deponent of [greek]apokrinomai[/greek] answer.
[greek]amhn[/greek] 1:51.
[greek]tiV[/greek] enclitic one, a man.
[greek]gennhqh[/greek] aorist passive subjunctive of [greek]gennaw[/greek] beget, passive be born.
[greek]anwqen[/greek] either from above or again ; the ambiguity is deliberate.
[greek]idein[/greek] aorist infinitive of [greek]oraw[/greek] see.

[John Reece]

Text (John 3:4):

[greek]legei proV auton o NikodhmoV,[/greek]
[greek]pwV dunatai anqrwpoV gennhqhnai gerwn wn;[/greek]
[greek]mh dunatai eiV thn koilian thV mhtroV autou deuteron eishlqein kai gennhqhnai;[/greek]

Transliteration:

legei pros auton ho Nikodēmos,
pōs dunatai anthrōpos gennēthēnai gerōn ōn?
mē dunatai eis tēn koilian tēs mētros autou deuteron eisēlthein kai gennēnthēnai?

Translation (ESV):

Nicodemus said to him,
"How can a man be born when he is old?
Can he enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born?"

Analysis (Zerwick):

[greek]gennhqhnai[/greek] aorist passive infinitive of [greek]gennaw[/greek] beget, passive be born.
[greek]gerwn[/greek] [greek]gerontoV o[/greek] old man.
[greek]wn[/greek] participle of [greek]eimi[/greek] be ; temporal use of participle, when he is old.
[greek]mh[/greek] interrogative expecting the answer "No", may sometimes admit of the translation surely .. not.
[greek]koilia[/greek] (a hollow) belly, womb.
[greek]deuteron[/greek] adverb again, a second time.
[greek]eishlqein[/greek] aorist infinitive of [greek]eisercomai[/greek] come or go in, enter.

[John Reece]

Text (John 3:5):

[greek]apekriqh IhsouV, amhn amhn legw soi,[/greek]
[greek]ean mh tiV gennhqh ex udatoV kai pneumatoV,[/greek]
[greek]ou dunatai eiselqein eiV thn basileian tou qeou[/greek]

Transliteration:

apekrithē Iēsous, amēn amēn legw soi,
ean mē tis gennēthē ex hudatos kai pneumatos,
ou dunatai eiselthein eis tēn basileian tou theou.

Translation (ESV):

Jesus answered, "Truly, truly, I say to you,
unless one is born of water and the Spirit,
he cannot enter the kingdom of God.

Analysis (Zerwick):

[greek]ean mh[/greek] verse 2.
[greek]gennhqh[/greek] verse 3 ; [greek]gennhqh ex udatoV kai pneumatoV[/greek] be born of / from water and spirit.