Genesis

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:15b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏הוּא יְשׁוּפְךָ רֹאשׁ וְאַתָּה תְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ עָקֵב

Transliteration:

hû’ yᵉšûpᵉkā rō’š wᵉ’attâ tᵉšûpennû ‘āqēb

Translation (NIV)

he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel."

Comment (on the NIV text) by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001):

he ... you. God announces a battle of champions, and there will be a seed that conquers Satan. Because natural Adam has failed, ultimately the woman's offspring must be a heavenly Adam and his community (see Dan. 7:13-14; Rom. 5:12-19; 1 Cor. 15:45-59; Heb. 2:14; Rev. 12).

crush ... strike [šûp]. Both English words translate the same Hebrew root. The parallelism suggests that both individuals are grievously wounded. There must be struggle, affliction, and suffering to win this battle over the serpent (see Isa. 53:12; Luke 24:26, 46-47; Rom. 16:20; 2 Cor. 1:5-7; Col. 1:24; 1 Peter 1:11). God's judgment reveals that suffering plays a part in those who identify with God's overcoming of the Serpent. As a result, morality will not be confused by pleasure and reward. Adam and Eve must serve God out of desire for righteousness, not from a desire for self-gratification, which originally led to this place of judgement.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

hû’/‏הוּא : personal pronoun : he.
yᵉšûpᵉkā/‏יְשׁוּפְךָ : Qal impf. 3 m.s. of šûp/‏‏שׁוּף + object suffix : will strike you/your.
rō’š/‏רֹאשׁ : head.
wᵉ’attâ/‏וְאַתָּה : conjunction wᵉ/‏וְ + personal pronoun ’attâ/‏אַתָּה : and you.
tᵉšûpennû/‏תְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ : Qal impf. 2 m.s. of šûp/‏‏שׁוּף + object suffix : will strike him/his.
‘āqēb/‏עָקֵב : heel.

The distinction between the two renderings of šûp/‏‏שׁוּף in the NIV originated not in the Hebrew (MT) text and not in the Greek (LXX) version but rather in the Latin (Vulgate) version.

LXX:

αὐτός σου τηρήσει κεφαλήν καὶ σὺ τηρήσεις αὐτοῦ πτέρναν

Vulgate:

ipsa conteret caput tuum et tu insidiaberis calcaneo eius

'[T]he Vulgate used conterero, "to crush, grind, bruise," the first time, but shifted to insidior, to lie in wait, to lie in ambush, to watch," in the second phrase.' (Hamilton).

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:16a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏אֶל־הָאִשָּׁה אָמַר הַרְבָּה אַרְבֶּה עִצְּבוֹנֵךְ וְהֵרֹנֵךְ בְּעֶצֶב תֵּלְדִי בָנִים

Transliteration:

’el-hā’iššâ ’āmar harbâ ’arbeh ‘iṣṣᵉbônēk wᵉhērōnēk bᵉ‘eṣeb tēlᵉdî bānîm

Translation (Wenham)

To the woman he said, "I shall greatly multiply your pains and your pregnancies; in pain you will bear children."

Comment by Gordon J. Wenham in Genesis 1-15 (WBC; Nashville: Nelson, 1987):

It should be noted that neither the man nor the woman are cursed; only the snake (verse 14) and the soil (verse 17) are cursed because of man. The sentences on the man and the woman take the form of a disruption of their appointed roles. The woman was created to be man's helper and the mother of children (cf. 2:18, 23-24). The first part of her judgment is that maternity will be accompanied by suffering. "Your pains and your pregnancies" is probably hendiadys for "your pains of pregnancy." "To be a joyful mother of children" (Ps 113:9), preferably a large family, was a sure sign of God's blessing (cf. Pss. 127, 128). Yet the pain of childbirth, unrelieved by modern medicine, was the most bitter known then (cf. Mic 4:9-10; Isa 13:8; 21:3). "In pain you will bear children." Neither the word used here for "pain" ‏עָצַב, nor the earlier one, ‏עִצָּבוֹן, is the usual one for the pangs of childbirth. Cassuto plausibly suggests this term has been deliberately chosen by way of a pun on ‏עֵץ "tree," as if to say the tree brought trauma.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

’el/‏אֶל : preposition : to.
hā’iššâ/‏הָאִשָּׁה : definite article + ’iššâ/‏אִשָּׁה : the woman.
’āmar/‏אָמַר : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : he said.
harbâ/‏הַרְבָּה : Hiphil infinitive absolute of rābâ/‏‏רָבָה : multiplying.
’arbeh/‏אַרְבֶּה : Hiphil imperfect 1 c.s. of rābâ/‏‏רָבָה : I will multiply.
harbâ ’arbeh/‏‏הַרְבָּה אַרְבֶּה : I will greatly multiply.
‘iṣṣᵉbônēk/‏עִצְּבוֹנֵךְ : noun ‘iṣṣābôn/‏‏עִצָּבוֹן + pron. suffix : your pain.
wᵉhērōnēk/‏וְהֵרֹנֵךְ : conj. wᵉ/‏וְ + noun hērôn/‏‏הֵרוֹן : pron. suffix : and your pregnancy.
bᵉ‘eṣeb/‏‏בְּעֶצֶב : preposition bᵉ‘/‏‏בְּ + ‘eṣeb/‏‏עֶצֶב : in pain.
tēlᵉdî/‏‏תֵּלְדִי : Qal imperfect 2 f.s. of yālad/‏‏‏יָלַד : you will bear.
bānîm/‏‏בָנִים : plural of bēn/‏‏‏בֵּן : children.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:16b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְאֶל־אִישֵׁךְ תְּשׁוּקָתֵךְ וְהוּא יִמְשָׁל־בָּךְ

Transliteration:

wᵉ’el-’ı̂šēk tᵉšûqātēk wᵉhû’ yimšāl-bāk

New English Translation:

You will want to control your husband, but he will dominate you.”

Comment by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001) — bold headings = NIV renderings:

desire. The chiastic structure of the phrase pairs the terms "desire" and "rule over," suggesting that her desire will be to dominate. The interpretation of an ambiguous passage is validated by the same pairing in the unambiguous context of 4:7.⁺

rule over. Ironically, man will dominate her. Their alienation from one another is profoundly illustrated by God's description of the power struggles, rather than love and cherishing, that is to come.* Male leadership, not male dominance, had been assumed in the ideal, pre-Fall situation (see 2:18-25).

*The restoration of a love relationship is found in a new life in Christ (see Matt. 20:25-28).

⁺4:7c ‏‏וְאֵלֶיךָ תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ וְאַתָּה תִּמְשָׁל־בּוֹ (wᵉ’ēlêkā tᵉšûqātô wᵉ’attâ timšāl-bô) It desires to dominate you, but you must subdue it (NET). Note in the respective verses (3:16b and 4:7c) the chiastic correspondence of the preposition ’ēl, the noun tᵉšûqâ, the verb māšal and the preposition bᵉ/‏‏בְּ.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

wᵉ’el/‏וְאֶל : conjunction wᵉ/‏וְ + preposition ’el/‏אֶל : yet for
’ı̂šēk/‏אִישֵׁךְ : noun ’ı̂š/‏‏אִישׁ + pronominal suffix : your husband.
tᵉšûqātēk/‏תְּשׁוּקָתֵךְ : noun tᵉšûqâ/‏‏תְּשׁוּקָה + pronominal suffix : your urge.
wᵉhû’/‏וְהוּא : conjunction wᵉ/‏וְ + personal pronoun hû’/‏הוּא : but he.
yimšāl/‏יִמְשָׁל : Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of māšal/‏‏מָשַׁל : will rule.
bāk/‏בָּךְ : preposition bᵉ/‏‏בְּ : pronominal suffix : over you.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:17):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וּלְאָדָם אָמַר כִּי־שָׁמַעְתָּ לְקוֹל אִשְׁתֶּךָ וַתֹּאכַל מִן־הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִיךָ לֵאמֹר לֹא תֹאכַל מִמֶּנּוּ אֲרוּרָה הָאֲדָמָה בַּעֲבוּרֶךָ

Transliteration:

ûlᵉ’ādām ’āmar kî-šāma‘tā lᵉqôl ’ištekā wattō’kal min-hā‘ēṣ ’ᵃšer ṣiwwîtîkā lē’mōr lō’ tō’kal mimmennû ’ᵃrûrâ hā’ᵃdāmâ ba‘ᵃbûrekā

Translation (Hamilton, Genesis 1-17):

And to Adam¹ he said, "Because you listened to your wife and ate from the tree of which I had forbidden you to eat, cursed is the ground in regard to you.²

¹Retaining MT ûlᵉ’ādām ("to Adam") versus the oft-proposed wᵉlā’ādām ("to the man"). The absence of the definite article in the MT indicates that MT read it as a personal name, since a personal name does not take the definite article.
²I take ba‘ᵃbûrekā not as a causal, "because of you," but as relational, "in regard to you." The land is rendered recalitrant to its tilling by the first man.

Comment by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001):

to Adam. As with others, God's punishment fits the crime. In response to Adam's sin of eating, God's speech to Adam mentions "eating" no less than five times (3:17-19). Adam also will suffer pain and frustration in natural relationships.

ground. The man's natural relationship to the ground — to rule over it — is reversed; instead of submitting to him, it resists and eventually swallows him (see Gen. 2:7; Rom. 8:20-22). The ecology of the earth is partly dependent on human morality (Gen. 4:12; 6:7; Lev. 26; Deut. 11:13-17; 28; Joel 1-2).

Glossary (meanings in this context):

ûlᵉ’ādām/‏וּלְאָדָם : conj. û/‏וּ + prep. lᵉ/‏לְ + noun ’ādām/‏אָדָם : and to Adam.
’āmar/‏אָמַר : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : he said.
kî/‏כִּי : conjunction : because.
šāma‘tā/‏שָׁמַעְתָּ : Qal perfect 2 m.s. of šāma‘/‏‏שָׁמַע : you listened.
lᵉqôl/‏לְקוֹל : prep. lᵉ/‏לְ + construct qôl/‏קוֹל : to the voice of.
’ištekā/‏אִשְׁתֶּךָ : noun ’iššâ/‏‏אִשָּׁה + pronominal suffix : your wife.
wattō’kal/‏וַתֹּאכַל : consec. ‏wᵉ/‏‏וְ + Qal impf. 3 m.s. of ’ākal/‏‏אָכַל : and ate.
min/‏מִן : preposition : from
hā‘ēṣ/‏הָעֵץ : definite article + ‘ēṣ/‏עֵץ : the tree.
’ᵃšer/‏אֲשֶׁר : relative : of which.
ṣiwwîtîkā/‏צִוִּיתִיךָ : Piel pf. 1 c.s. of ṣāwâ/‏‏צָוָה + pron. suffix : I commanded you.
lē’mōr/‏לֵאמֹר : prep. lᵉ/‏לְ + Qal infinitive construct of ’āmar/‏‏אָמַר : saying.
lō’/‏לֹא : with imperfect, strictly forbidding : do not.
tō’kal/‏תֹאכַל : Qal imperfect 2 m.s. of ’ākal/‏‏אָכַל : eat.
mimmennû/‏מִמֶּנּוּ : preposition min/‏מִן + pronominal suffix : of it.
’ᵃrûrâ/‏אֲרוּרָה : Qal f.s. passive participle of ’ārar/‏‏אָרַר : cursed [is].
hā’ᵃdāmâ/‏הָאֲדָמָה : definite article + ’ᵃdāmâ/‏אֲדָמָה : the ground.
ba‘ᵃbûrekā/‏בַּעֲבוּרֶךָ : prep. ‏bᵉ/‏‏בְּ + prep. ‘ᵃbûr/‏‏עֲבוּר + pron. suffix : in regard to you.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:17b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏בְּעִצָּבוֹן תֹּאכֲלֶנָּה כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ

Transliteration:

bᵉ‘iṣṣābôn tō’kᵃlennâ kōl yᵉmê ḥayyêkā

Translation (Wenham, Genesis 1-15):

in pain you will eat of it all the days of your life.

Comment by Gordon J. Wenham in Genesis 1-15 (WBC; Nashville: Nelson, 1987):

"In pain — ‏עִצָּבוֹן — you will eat." Note the similar terminology in verse 16. As woman is doomed to suffer in her fundamental role as wife and mother, man will be similarly afflicted in his basic role as farmer and food-producer. (cf. 2:15).

"All the days of your life"; cf. verse 14. These phrases link the sentence on the man with that pronounced on the snake and the woman. As the curse on the ground foreshadows the problems discussed in the next verse, so "all the days of your life" hints at their limited lifespan made explicit in verse 19.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

bᵉ‘iṣṣābôn/‏בְּעִצָּבוֹן : preposition bᵉ/‏בְּ + noun ‘iṣṣābôn/‏עִצָּבוֹן : in pain.
tō’kᵃlennâ/‏תֹּאכֲלֶנָּה : Qal impf. 2 m.s. of ’ākal/‏‏אָכַל + pron. suffix : you will eat of it.
kōl/‏כֹּל : construct : all.
yᵉmê/‏יְמֵי : plural construct of yôm/‏‏יוֹם : the days of.
ḥayyêkā/‏חַיֶּיךָ : ḥayiym/‏‏חַיִּים + pronominal suffix : your lifespan.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:18):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְקוֹץ וְדַרְדַּר תַּצְמִיחַ לָךְ וְאָכַלְתָּ אֶת־עֵשֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה

Transliteration:

wᵉqôṣ wᵉdardar taṣmîaḥ lak wᵉ’ākaltā ’et-‘ēśeb haśśādeh

Translation (NIV):

It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the plants of the field.

Comment by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001):

18. thorns and thistles. The inedible growth robs the earth of plant life that people need for their subsistence. The hostile creation that must be overcome by work serves as a parable for spiritual hostility that must be overcome by heavenly wisdom (see Proverbs 24:30-34).

Glossary (meanings in this context):

wᵉqôṣ/‏וְקוֹץ : conjunction wᵉ/‏וְ + noun qôṣ/‏קוֹץ : thorn-bush.
wᵉdardar/‏וְדַרְדַּר : conjunction wᵉ/‏וְ + noun dardar/‏דַרְדַּר : and thistle.
taṣmîaḥ/‏תַּצְמִיחַ : Hiphil imperfect 3 f.s. of ṣāmaḥ/‏‏צָמַח : it will produce.
lak/‏‏לָךְ : preposition ‏lᵉ/‏‏‏לְ + pronominal suffix : for you.
wᵉ’ākaltā/‏‏וְאָכַלְתָּ : conj. wᵉ/‏וְ + Qal pf. 2 m.s. of ’ākal/‏‏‏אָכַל : and you will eat.
’et/‏‏אֶת : mark of the accusative indicate direct object.
‘ēśeb/‏‏עֵשֶׂב : construct : the herbage of.
haśśādeh/‏‏הַשָּׂדֶה : definite article + śādeh/‏‏שָּׂדֶה : the field.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:19a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏בְּזֵעַת אַפֶּיךָ תֹּאכַל לֶחֶם

Transliteration:

bᵉzē‘at ’appêkā tō’kal leḥem

Translation (Wenham):

By the sweat of your brow you shall eat bread

Comment by Gordon J. Wenham in Genesis 1-15 (WBC; Nashville: Nelson, 1987):

"By the sweat of your brow." Work itself is not a punishment for sin. Man was placed in the garden to cultivate it (2:15). Rather it was the hardship and frustration that attended work that constitutes the curse. "As for man, his punishment consists in the hardship and skimpiness of his livelihood, which he must now seek for himself. The woman's punishment struck at the deepest root of her being as wife and mother; the man's strikes at the innermost nerve of his life: his work, his activity, and provision for sustenance" (von Rad, 93-94),

Glossary (meanings in this context):

bᵉzē‘at/‏בְּזֵעַת : prep. bᵉ/‏בְּ + construct of zē‘â/‏‏זֵעָה : by the sweat of.
’appêkā/‏אַפֶּיךָ : ’ap/‏‏אַף + pronominal suffix : your face.
tō’kal/‏תֹּאכַל : Qal imperfect 2 m.s. of ’ākal/‏‏אָכַל : you shall eat.
leḥem/‏לֶחֶם : food.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:19b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏עַד שׁוּבְךָ אֶל־הָאֲדָמָה כִּי מִמֶּנָּה לֻקָּחְתָּ כִּי־עָפָר אַתָּה וְאֶל־עָפָר תָּשׁוּב

Transliteration:

‘ad šûbᵉkā ’el-hā’ᵃdāmâ kî mimmennâ luqqāḥᵉtā kî-‘āpār ’attâ wᵉ’el-‘āpār tāšûb

Translation (TNIV):

until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.”

Comment by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001):

to dust you will return. Ironically, transgressing the divinely ordered boundaries does not bring the man and the woman the elevated lives they had hoped for but instead brings them chaos and death. Physical death is both bane and boon. It renders all activity vain but delivers mortals from eternal consignment to the curse and opens the way to eternal salvation that outlasts the grave.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

‘ad/‏עַד : adverb : until.
šûbᵉkā/‏שׁוּבְךָ : Qal infinitive construct of šûb/‏‏שׁוּב + pronominal suffix : your returning.
’el/‏אֶל : preposition : to.
hā’ᵃdāmâ/‏הָאֲדָמָה : definite article + ’ᵃdāmâ/‏אֲדָמָה : the ground.
kî/‏כִּי : conjunction : for.
mimmennâ/‏מִמֶּנָּה : preposition min/‏‏מִן + pronominal suffix : from it.
luqqāḥᵉtā/‏לֻקָּחְתָּ : Pual perfect 2 m.s. of lāqaḥ/‏‏לָקַח : you were taken.
kî/‏כִּי : conjunction : for.
‘āpār/‏עָפָר : dust.
’attâ/‏אַתָּה : personal pronoun (2 m.s.) : you [are].
wᵉ’el/‏וְאֶל : conjunction wᵉ/‏וְ + preposition ’el/‏אֶל : and to.
‘āpār/‏עָפָר : dust.
tāšûb/‏תָּשׁוּב : Qal imperfect of šûb/‏שׁוּב : you shall return.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:20a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַיִּקְרָא הָאָדָם שֵׁם אִשְׁתּוֹ חַוָּה

Transliteration:

wayyiqrā’ hā’ādām šēm ’ištô ḥawwâ

Translation (JPS):

The man named his wife Eve,

Comment by Nahum M. Sarna in The JPS Torah Commentary: Genesis (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 1989):

The man named his wife.....Previously he had given her a generic name (2:23). Now she acquires a personal one that expresses her nature and destiny positively and sympathetically. The woman's procreative role is implied in verse 15 and made central in verse 16. It is appropriate that she now receive a name that symbolizes it actualization, which is shortly to take place. The man's act is thus an affirmation of life.

Eve.....Hebrew ḥavvah, which seems to be an archaic form of ḥayyah, could mean "living thing," life personified. This is how the Septuagint understood it when it rendered the name here Zōē. The vocalization suggests an intensive form, to that "propagator of life" is also a possible meaning.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

hā’ādām/‏‏הָאָדָם : definite article + ’ādām/‏‏אָדָם : the man.
wayyiqrā’/‏וַיִּקְרָא : consecutive wᵉ/‏‏וְ + qārā’/‏‏קָרָא : called.
šēm/‏‏שֵׁם : construct : the name of.
’ištô/‏‏אִשְׁתּוֹ : noun ’iššâ/‏‏‏אִשָּׁה + pronominal suffix : his wife.
ḥawwâ/‏‏חַוָּה : proper name : Eve.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:20b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏כִּי הִוא הָיְתָה אֵם כָּל־חָי

Transliteration:

kî hiw’ hāyᵉtâ ’ēm kol-ḥāy

Translation (JPS):

because she was the mother of all the living.

Comment by Nahum M. Sarna in The JPS Torah Commentary: Genesis (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 1989):

mother of all the living.....This description is closely paralleled in Near Eastern mythology, where it belongs to the mother goddess. Here it is demythologized and naturalized to express the biblical concept of the unity of the human race and of a woman's primary role — motherhood.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

kî/‏‏כִּי : conjunction : because.
hiw’/‏‏הִוא : personal pronoun : she.
hāyᵉtâ/‏‏הָיְתָה : Qal perfect 3 f.s. of [i]hāyâ/i]/‏‏‏הָיָה : was.
’ēm/‏‏אֵם : construct : the mother of.
kol/‏‏כָּל : construct of kōl/‏‏‏כֹּל : all the.
ḥāy/‏‏חָי : adjective : living.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:21):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַיַּעַשׂ יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים לְאָדָם וּלְאִשְׁתּוֹ כָּתְנוֹת עוֹר וַיַּלְבִּשֵׁם

Transliteration:

wayya‘aś YHWH ’ᵉlōhîm lᵉ’ādām ûlᵉ’ištô kotnôt ‘ôr wayyalbišēm

Translation (TNIV):

The LORD God made garments of skin for Adam and his wife and clothed them.

Comment by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001):

garments. Adam and Eve's "coverings" of 3:7 were only loincloths, inadequate to cover their shame. Now with the "sacrifice" of an animal* God crafts for them tunics that reach down to the knees or ankles. Brueggemann explains, "With the sentence given, God does (3:21) for the couple what they cannot do for themselves (3:7). They cannot deal with their shame. But God can, will, and does."

clothed. This depicts an image of God's tender care for the couple. Through his sacrifice, he restores the alienated couple to fellowship with him and one another.

*The killing of an animal necessary to make garments of skin may suggest/imply the image of a sacrifice for sin.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

YHWH ’ᵉlōhîm/‏‏‏יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים : the LORD God.
wayya‘aś/‏‏וַיַּעַשׂ : consecutive wᵉ/‏‏‏וְ + Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of ‘āśâ/‏‏‏‏עָשָׂה : made.
lᵉ’ādām/‏‏‏לְאָדָם : preposition lᵉ/‏‏‏לְ + name ’ādām/‏‏‏אָדָם : for Adam.
ûlᵉ’ištô/‏‏‏וּלְאִשְׁתּוֹ : conj. û/‏‏‏וּ + prep. lᵉ/‏‏‏לְ + noun ’iššâ/‏‏‏‏אִשָּׁה + suffix : and for his wife.
kotnôt/‏‏‏כָּתְנוֹת : plural construct of kutōnet/‏‏‏‏כֻּתֹּנֶת : garments of.
‘ôr/‏‏‏עוֹר : skin.
wayyalbišēm/‏‏‏וַיַּלְבִּשֵׁם : consec. wᵉ/‏‏‏וְ + Hiphil impf. of lābēš/‏‏‏‏לָבֵשׁ + pron. suffix : and clothed them.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:21):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה כְּאַחַד מִמֶּנּוּ לָדַעַת טוֹב וָרָע

Transliteration:

wayyō’mer YHWH ’ᵉlōhîm hēn hā’ādām hāyâ kᵉ’aḥad mimmennû lāda‘at ṭôb wārā‘

Translation (TNIV):

And the LORD God said, “The man has now become like one of us, knowing good and evil.

Comment by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001):

us. The best explanation of the first-person plural is that God is referring to the heavenly court. Concerning the knowledge of good and evil, Adam and Eve are now like other heavenly beings. It seems improbable that God is referring only to himself (2 Sam. 14:17).

Glossary (meanings in this context):

wayyō’mer/‏‏‏וַיֹּאמֶר : consec. wᵉ/‏‏‏‏וְ + Qal impf. 3 m.s. of ’āmar/‏‏‏‏אָמַר : and ... said.
YHWH ’ᵉlōhîm/‏‏‏יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים : the LORD God.
hēn/‏‏‏הֵן : demonstrative interjection : behold.
hā’ādām/‏‏‏הָאָדָם : definite article + ’ādām/‏‏‏אָדָם : the man.
hāyâ/‏‏‏הָיָה : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : has become.
kᵉ’aḥad/‏‏‏כְּאַחַד : prep. kᵉ/‏‏‏כְּ + adj. numeral construct ’aḥad/‏‏‏אַחַד : like one of.
mimmennû/‏‏‏מִמֶּנּוּ : preposition min/‏‏‏‏מִן : pronominal suffix : us.
lāda‘at/‏‏‏לָדַעַת : prep. lᵉ/‏‏‏‏לְ + Qal infinitive construct of yāda‘/‏‏‏‏יָדַע : knowing.
ṭôb/‏‏‏טוֹב : adjective : good.
wārā‘/‏‏‏וָרָע : conjunction wᵉ/‏‏‏‏וְ + adjective rā‘/‏‏‏רָע : and evil.

[John Reece]

I am re-posting the following with a corrected verse citation (the original post was erroneously cited as 3:21):

BHS Text (Genesis 3:22a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה כְּאַחַד מִמֶּנּוּ לָדַעַת טוֹב וָרָע

Transliteration:

wayyō’mer YHWH ’ᵉlōhîm hēn hā’ādām hāyâ kᵉ’aḥad mimmennû lāda‘at ṭôb wārā‘

Translation (TNIV):

And the LORD God said, “The man has now become like one of us, knowing good and evil.

Comment by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001):

us. The best explanation of the first-person plural is that God is referring to the heavenly court. Concerning the knowledge of good and evil, Adam and Eve are now like other heavenly beings. It seems improbable that God is referring only to himself (2 Sam. 14:17).

Glossary (meanings in this context):

wayyō’mer/‏‏‏וַיֹּאמֶר : consec. wᵉ/‏‏‏‏וְ + Qal impf. 3 m.s. of ’āmar/‏‏‏‏אָמַר : and ... said.
YHWH ’ᵉlōhîm/‏‏‏יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים : the LORD God.
hēn/‏‏‏הֵן : demonstrative interjection : behold.
hā’ādām/‏‏‏הָאָדָם : definite article + ’ādām/‏‏‏אָדָם : the man.
hāyâ/‏‏‏הָיָה : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : has become.
kᵉ’aḥad/‏‏‏כְּאַחַד : prep. kᵉ/‏‏‏כְּ + adj. numeral construct ’aḥad/‏‏‏אַחַד : like one of.
mimmennû/‏‏‏מִמֶּנּוּ : preposition min/‏‏‏‏מִן : pronominal suffix : us.
lāda‘at/‏‏‏לָדַעַת : prep. lᵉ/‏‏‏‏לְ + Qal infinitive construct of yāda‘/‏‏‏‏יָדַע : knowing.
ṭôb/‏‏‏טוֹב : adjective : good.
wārā‘/‏‏‏וָרָע : conjunction wᵉ/‏‏‏‏וְ + adjective rā‘/‏‏‏רָע : and evil.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:22b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְעַתָּה פֶּן־יִשְׁלַח יָדוֹ וְלָקַח גַּם מֵעֵץ הַחַיִּים וְאָכַל וָחַי לְעֹלָם

Transliteration:

wᵉ‘attâ pen-yišlaḥ yādô wᵉlāqaḥ gam mē‘ēṣ haḥayyîm wᵉ’ākal wāḥay lᵉ‘ōlām

Translation (ASV):

and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever:

Comment by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001):

live forever. In their fallenness, humans must not participate in immortality. Death is both a judgment and a release.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

wᵉ‘attâ/‏‏‏וְעַתָּה : conjunction wᵉ/‏‏‏וְ + adverb ‘attâ/‏‏‏עַתָּה : and now.
pen/‏‏‏פֶּן : lest.
yišlaḥ/‏‏‏יִשְׁלַח : Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of šālaḥ/‏‏‏‏שָׁלַח : he put forth.
yādô/‏‏‏יָדוֹ : noun yād/‏‏‏‏יָד + pronominal suffix : his hand.
wᵉlāqaḥ/‏‏‏וְלָקַח : conj. wᵉ/‏‏‏וְ + Qal perfect 3 m.s. of lāqaḥ/‏‏‏לָקַח : and take.
gam/‏‏‏גַּם : adverb : also.
mē‘ēṣ/‏‏‏מֵעֵץ : preposition min/‏‏‏‏מִן + construct ‘ēṣ/‏‏‏עֵץ : from the tree of.
haḥayyîm/‏‏‏הַחַיִּים : definite article + noun ḥayyîm/‏‏‏חַיִּים : life.
wᵉ’ākal/‏‏‏וְאָכַל : conj. wᵉ/‏‏‏וְ + Qal perfect 3 m.s. of ’ākal/‏‏‏אָכַל : and eat.
wāḥay/‏‏‏וָחַי : conjunction wᵉ/‏‏‏וְ + Qal perfect 3 m.s. of ḥāyâ/‏‏‏‏חָיָה : and live.
lᵉ‘ōlām/‏‏‏לְעֹלָם : preposition lᵉ/‏‏‏לְ + noun ‘ōlām/‏‏‏עֹלָם : for ever.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Genesis 3:23):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַיְשַׁלְּחֵהוּ יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים מִגַּן־עֵדֶן לַעֲבֹד אֶת־הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם

Transliteration:

wayᵉšallᵉḥêhû YHWH ’ᵉlōhîm miggan-‘ēden la‘ᵃbōd ’et-hā’ᵃdāmâ ’ᵃšer luqqaḥ miššām

Translation (TNIV):

So the LORD God banished him from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken.

Comment by Bruce K. Waltke in Genesis (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001):

banished. Thus God cleanses his temple-garden (cf. John 2:12-17; Rev. 21:27).

Glossary (meanings in this context):

wayᵉšallᵉḥêhû/‏‏‏וַיְשַׁלְּחֵהוּ : consec. ‏wᵉ/‏‏‏‏וְ + Piel impf. 3 m.s. of ‏‏šālaḥ/‏‏‏‏‏שָׁלַח + pron. suffix : so ... banished him.
‏‏YHWH ’ᵉlōhîm/‏‏‏‏‏יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים : the LORD God.
‏‏miggan/‏‏‏‏‏מִגַּן : preposition ‏‏min/‏‏‏‏‏‏מִן + construct ‏‏gan/‏‏‏‏‏‏גַּן : from the garden of.
‏‏‘ēden/‏‏‏‏‏‏עֵדֶן : Eden.
‏‏la‘ᵃbōd/‏‏‏‏‏‏לַעֲבֹד : preposition ‏‏lᵉ/‏‏‏‏‏‏‏לְ + Qal infinitive construct of ‏‏‘ābad/‏‏‏‏‏‏‏עָבַד : to work.
‏‏’et/‏‏‏‏‏‏אֶת : mark of the accusative indicates direct object.
‏‏hā’ᵃdāmâ/‏‏‏‏‏‏הָאֲדָמָה : definite article + noun ‏‏’ᵃdāmâ/‏‏‏‏‏‏אֲדָמָה : the ground.
‏‏’ᵃšer/‏‏‏‏‏‏אֲשֶׁר : relative : which.
‏‏luqqaḥ/‏‏‏‏‏‏לֻקַּח : Pual perfect of ‏‏lāqaḥ/‏‏‏‏‏‏‏לָקַח : he was taken.
‏‏miššām/‏‏‏‏‏‏מִשָּׁם : preposition ‏‏min/‏‏‏‏‏‏מִן + adverb ‏‏šām/‏‏‏‏‏‏‏שָׁם : from there.