John

[John Reece]

John 1:10

Text: (NA27):

ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν, καὶ ὁ κόσμος δι᾿ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω.

Transliteration (Accordance):

en tō̧ kosmō̧ ēn, kai ho kosmos di’ autou egeneto, kai ho kosmos auton ouk egnō.

Translation (NRSV):

He was in the world, and the world came into being through him; yet the world did not know him.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἐγένετο : become, come into being.
καί : (second time) : yet.
ἔγνω : aorist of γινώσκω recognize, know, Semitism, knowledge which entails moral involvement, cf the parallel 11b.

[John Reece]

John 1:11

Text: (NA27):

εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἦλθεν, καὶ οἱ ἴδιοι αὐτὸν οὐ παρέλαβον.

Transliteration (Accordance):

eis ta idia ēlthen, kai hoi idioi auton ou parelabon.

Translation (NRSV):

He came to what was his own, and his own people did not accept him.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἴδιος : proper (to) one's own, neuter plural his own domain ; masculine plural his own people.
παρέλαβον : aorist of παραλαμβάνω accept, take to oneself.

[John Reece]

John 1:12

Text: (NA27):

ὅσοι δὲ ἔλαβον αὐτόν, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα θεοῦ γενέσθαι, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ

Transliteration (Accordance):

hosoi de elabon auton, edōken autois exousian tekna theou genesthai, tois pisteuousin eis to onoma autou

Translation (NRSV):

But to all who received him, who believed in his name, he gave power to become children of God

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ὅσοι : as many as, all who ; pendant nominative* resumed by αὐτοῖς.
ἔλαβον : aorist of λαμβάνωreceive, but the force of the compound παραλαμβάνω (verse 11) is probably carried over from verse 11 into the simplex as often in Greek.
ἔδωκεν : aorist of δίδωμι give.
ἐξουσία : authority, right.
γενέσθαι : aorist infinitive of γίνομαι become.
πιστεύουσιν : dative plural participle of πιστεύω believe.
ὄνομα : name, denotes the person in his specific quality ; in John of Jesus as Son of God.

*BG: The pendent nominative ... is a form of anacoluthon frequent enough in vulgar Greek. It consists in the enunciation of the logical (not grammatical) subject at the beginning of the sentence, followed by a sentence in which that subject is taken up by a pronoun in the case required by the syntax.

[John Reece]

John 1:13

Text: (NA27):

οἳ οὐκ ἐξ αἱμάτων οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ θεοῦ ἐγεννήθησαν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

hoi ouk ex haimatōn oude ek thelēmatos sarkos oude ek thelēmatos andros all’ ek theou egennēthēsan.

Translation (NRSV):

who were born, not of blood or of the will of the flesh or of the will of man, but of God.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

αἷμα : blood, plural of mother and father.
θέλημα : here desire rather than will.
σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ : flesh, not merely literally nor of the body alone, but as in "a man of flesh and blood" ; not necessarily evil.
ἐγεννήθησαν : aorist passive of γεννάω become the parent of, beget.

[John Reece]

John 1:14

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai ho logos sarx egeneto kai eskēnōsen en hēmin, kai etheasametha tēn doxan autou, doxan hōs monogenous para patros, plērēs charitos kai alētheias.

Translation (NRSV):

And the Word became flesh and lived among us, and we have seen his glory, the glory as of a father’s only son, full of grace and truth.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἐσκήνωσεν : aorist of σκηνόω pitch tent ; dwell in a tent (σκηνή) ; more generally, dwell ; either inceptive aorist, took up his abode (incarnation) or constative (global) aorist dwelt among us (earthly life). The latter favored by the following:
ἐθεασάμεθα : aorist of θεάομαι behold, observe ; see.
ὡς : as (in the capacity of), or causal, inasmuch as, because.
μονογενής : neuter μονογενές (< μόνος + γένος) only (child).
παρά : with genitive of person from, indicating the origin of the person of the Word and of his glory.
πλήρης : often indeclinable in Hellenistic Greek : nominative (referring to ὁ λόγος) or accusative (referring to δόξαν), or even genitive (referring to μονογενοῦς).
χάρις καὶ ἀλήθεια : rendering a very frequent OT expression referring to God's merciful love and fidelity to his promises.
ἀλήθεια : truth, here that revelation of divine reality communicated by Christ's words, deeds, and life.

[John Reece]

John 1:15

Text: (NA27):

Ἰωάννης μαρτυρεῖ περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ κέκραγεν λέγων· οὗτος ἦν ὃν εἶπον· ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν, ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν

Transliteration (Accordance):

Iōannēs martyrei peri autou kai kekragen legōn; houtos ēn. hon eipon; ho opisō mou erchomenos emprosthen mou gegonen, hoti prōtos mou ēn

Translation (NRSV):

(John testified to him and cried out, “This was he of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me ranks ahead of me because he was before me.’”)

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

μαρτυρέω : present (like the perfect which follows) connotes the validity of the testimony for all time.
κέκραγεν : perfect of κράζω cry out, as in classical may have sense of a present.
λέγων : participle of λέγω say.
οὗτος ἦν ὃν εἶπον : he it was of whom I said....
ὀπίσω μου : after me (in time).
ἐρχόμενος : participle of ἔρχομαι come.
ἔμπροσθέν μου : before me (in dignity).
γέγονεν : perfect of γίνομαι become, come into being, i.e. as man.
πρῶτός : for πρότερος prior, translate by English preposition before.
μου : genitive of comparison ; i.e. from the very moment he began his existence in time, he surpassed me owing to his pre-existence.

[John Reece]

John 1:16

Text: (NA27):

ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος

Transliteration (Accordance):

hoti ek tou plērōmatos autou hēmeis pantes elabomen kai charin anti charitos

Translation (NRSV):

From his fullness we have all received, grace upon grace.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

πλήρωμα : fulness, abundance.
ἐλάβομεν : aorist of λαμβάνω receive.
καί : and even.
ἀντί : with genitive in place of ; or with idea of succession rather than substitution, one grace after another, grace upon grace.

[John Reece]

John 1:17

Text: (NA27):

ὅτι ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωϋσέως ἐδόθη, ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐγένετο.

Transliteration (Accordance):

hoti ho nomos dia Mōuseōs edothē, hē charis kai hē alētheia dia Iēsou Christou egeneto.

Translation (NRSV):

The law indeed was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ὅτι : for (conjunction).
Μωϋσῆς : (the Hebrew משֶׁה seems to have been written so in Greek original.
Ἰησοῦ : Ιησοῦς יֵשׁוּעַ Jeshua, later form for הוֹשׁוּעַ Joshua. The two parallel statements, reflecting Semitic co=ordination, do not exclude subordination in idea : for while the law came through Moses, grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.
ἐδόθη : aorist passive of δίδωμι give.

[John Reece]

John 1:18

Text: (NA27):

Θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτε· μονογενὴς θεὸς ὁ ὢν εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκεῖνος ἐξηγήσατο.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Theon oudeis heōraken pōpote; monogenēs theos ho ōn eis ton kolpon tou patros ekeinos exēgēsato.

Translation (NRSV):

No one has ever seen God. It is God the only Son, who is close to the Father’s heart, who has made him known.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἑώρακεν : perfect of ὁράω see.
πώποτε : ever, at any time.
μονογενὴς : only (child).
θεός : God [variant υἱός Son].
ὢν : participle of εἰμί be, the "present" perhaps atemporal indicating the eternal presence proper to the Son.*
εἰς : perhaps for ἐν but rather (according to Johannine usage) dynamic, connoting personal relation towards like πρός (verse 1).
κόλπος : bosom, breast, εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ πατρός who is nearest to the Father's heart (NEB, JB), image probably derived from reclining at a meal where leaning one's head on the breast of one's neighbor would allow intimate conversation, cf 13:23f.
ἐξηγήσατο : aorist of ἐξηγέομαι make known.

*BG: "Note that the present participle does not express time but only aspect; thus e.g. John the Baptist ever after his death is called ὁ βαπτίζων (= "he who used to baptize" i.e. past tense, so present participle as contrasted with e.g. "he who baptized Jesus"which would be aorist and so ὁ βαπτίσας τὸν Ἰησοῦν ...")

[John Reece]

John 1:19

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ Ἰωάννου, ὅτε ἀπέστειλαν [πρὸς αὐτὸν] οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων ἱερεῖς καὶ Λευίτας ἵνα ἐρωτήσωσιν αὐτόν· σὺ τίς εἶ;

Transliteration (Accordance):

Καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ Ἰωάννου, ὅτε ἀπέστειλαν [πρὸς αὐτὸν] οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων ἱερεῖς καὶ Λευίτας ἵνα ἐρωτήσωσιν αὐτόν· σὺ τίς εἶ;

Translation (NRSV):

This is the testimony given by John when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, “Who are you?”

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

αὕτη : feminine of οὗτος this.
μαρτυρία : testimony.
ἀπέστειλαν : aorist of ἀποστέλλω send.
ἱερεύς : priest.
Λευίτης : Levite, properly member of the tribe of Levi, assistant in the tribe of Levi.
ἐρωτήσωσιν : aorist subjunctive of ἐρωτάω request, ask a question.
εἶ : 2nd singular of εἰμί be.

[John Reece]

John 1:19 repeated to correct typo

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ Ἰωάννου, ὅτε ἀπέστειλαν [πρὸς αὐτὸν] οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων ἱερεῖς καὶ Λευίτας ἵνα ἐρωτήσωσιν αὐτόν· σὺ τίς εἶ;

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai hautē estin hē martyria tou Iōannou, hote apesteilan [pros auton] hoi Ioudaioi ex Hierosolymōn hiereis kai Leuitas hina erōtēsōsin auton; sy tis ei?

Translation (NRSV):

This is the testimony given by John when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, “Who are you?”

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

αὕτη : feminine of οὗτος this.
μαρτυρία : testimony.
ἀπέστειλαν : aorist of ἀποστέλλω send.
ἱερεύς : priest.
Λευίτης : Levite, properly member of the tribe of Levi, assistant in the tribe of Levi.
ἐρωτήσωσιν : aorist subjunctive of ἐρωτάω request, ask a question.
εἶ : 2nd singular of εἰμί be.

[John Reece]

John 1:20

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ὡμολόγησεν καὶ οὐκ ἠρνήσατο, καὶ ὡμολόγησεν ὅτι ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ὁ χριστός.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai hōmologēsen kai ouk ērnēsato, kai hōmologēsen hoti egō ouk eimi ho christos.

Translation (NRSV):

He confessed and did not deny it, but confessed, “I am not the Messiah.”

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ὡμολόγησεν : aorist of ὁμολογέω (say the same) agree ; acknowledge, declare publicly.
ἠρνήσατο : aorist of ἀρνέομαι deny.
ὅτι = "...

[John Reece]

John 1:21

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἠρώτησαν αὐτόν· τί οὖν; σὺ Ἠλίας εἶ; καὶ λέγει· οὐκ εἰμί. ὁ προφήτης εἶ σύ; καὶ ἀπεκρίθη· οὔ.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ērōtēsan auton; ti oun? sy Ēlias ei? kai legei; ouk eimi. ho prophētēs ei sy? kai apekrithē; ou.

Translation (NRSV):

And they asked him, “What then? Are you Elijah?” He said, “I am not.” “Are you the prophet?” He answered, “No.”

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἠρώτησαν : aorist of ἐρωτάω ask.
τί οὖν; σὺ Ἠλίας εἶ; : what then? are you Elijah?

[John Reece]

John 1:22

Text: (NA27):

εἶπαν οὖν αὐτῷ· τίς εἶ; ἵνα ἀπόκρισιν δῶμεν τοῖς πέμψασιν ἡμᾶς· τί λέγεις περὶ σεαυτοῦ;

Transliteration (Accordance):

eipan oun autō̧; tis ei? hina apokrisin dōmen tois pempsasin hēmas; ti legeis peri seautou?

Translation (NRSV):

Then they said to him, “Who are you? Let us have an answer for those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

εἶπαν : for εἶπον used as 2nd aorist of λέγω say.
ἀπόκρισις : answer.
δῶμεν : aorist subjunctive of δίδωμι give.
πέμψασιν : aorist dative plural participle of πέμπω send.
σεαυτοῦ : yourself.

[John Reece]

John 1:23

Text: (NA27):

ἔφη· ἐγὼ φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· εὐθύνατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου,
καθὼς εἶπεν Ἠσαΐας ὁ προφήτης.

Transliteration (Accordance):

ephē; egō phōnē boōntos en tȩ̄ erēmō̧; euthynate tēn hodon kyriou,
kathōs eipen Ēsaias ho prophētēs.

Translation (NRSV):

He said, “I am the voice of one crying out in the wilderness, ‘Make straight the way of the Lord,’” as the prophet Isaiah said.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἔφη : imperfect of φημί say.
βοῶντος : genitive participle of βοάω call aloud, cry ; as indefinite noun, one calling.
ἔρημος : (sc. χώρα) desert.
εὐθύνατε : aorist imperative of εὐθύνω make straight (εὐθύς), straighten.
Ἠσαΐας : Isaiah.