Mark

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:34):

καὶ ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐστέναξεν καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· εφφαθα, ὅ ἐστιν διανοίχθητι.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai anablepsas eis ton ouranon estenaxen kai legei autō̧; ephphatha, ho estin dianoichthēti.

Translation (ESV)

And looking up to heaven, he sighed and said to him, "Ephphatha," that is, "Be opened."

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀναβλέψας : aorist participle of ἀναβλέπω look up.
ἐστέναξεν : aorist of στενάζω sigh, complain.
διανοίχθητι : aorist passive participle of διανοίγω open.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:35):

καὶ [εὐθέως] ἠνοίγησαν αὐτοῦ αἱ ἀκοαί, καὶ ἐλύθη ὁ δεσμὸς τῆς γλώσσης αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐλάλει ὀρθῶς.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai [eutheōs] ēnoigēsan autou hai akoai, kai elythē ho desmos tēs glōssēs autou kai elalei orthōs.

Translation (ESV)

And his ears were opened, his tongue was released, and he spoke plainly.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἠνοίγησαν : aorist passive of ἀνοίγω open.
ἀκοή : hearing, either as a faculty or as an act ; ear.
ἐλύθη : aorist passive of λύω release, loosen.
δεσμός : (< δέω bind) meaning : the ligament (was loosened) or the impediment (was removed).
ἐλάλει : imperfect of λαλέω say.
ὀρθῶς : properly.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:36a):

καὶ διεστείλατο αὐτοῖς ἵνα μηδενὶ λέγωσιν

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai diesteilato autois hina mēdeni legōsin

Translation (ESV)

And Jesus charged them to tell no one.

Analysis (Zerwick):

διεστείλατο : aorist of διαστέλλομαί τινι order, give one orders.
ἵνα : with subjunctive of objective infinitive, verse 26.
λέγωσιν : subjunctive of λέγω tell.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:36b):

ὅσον δὲ αὐτοῖς διεστέλλετο, αὐτοὶ μᾶλλον περισσότερον ἐκήρυσσον.

Transliteration (Accordance):

hoson de autois diestelleto, autoi mallon perissoteron ekērysson.

Translation (ESV)

But the more he charged them, the more zealously they proclaimed it.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὅσον : adverbial however much.
διεστέλλετο : imperfect expressing repeated action or unsuccessful attempt.
μᾶλλον : more, pleonastic with comparative.
περισσότερον : (comparative of περισσός over and above, overflowing, abundant) more abundantly, still more.
ἐκήρυσσον : imperfect of κηρύσσω spread abroad, put about.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:37):

καὶ ὑπερπερισσῶς ἐξεπλήσσοντο λέγοντες· καλῶς πάντα πεποίηκεν, καὶ τοὺς κωφοὺς ποιεῖ ἀκούειν καὶ [τοὺς] ἀλάλους λαλεῖν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai hyperperissōs exeplēssonto legontes; kalōs panta pepoiēken, kai tous kōphous poiei akouein kai [tous] alalous lalein.

Translation (ESV)

And they were astonished beyond measure, saying, "He has done all things well. He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak."

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὑπερπερισσῶς : beyond all measure.
ἐξεπλήσσοντο : passive infinitive of ἐκπλήσσω amaze ; passive be astounded/overwhelmed as it were "struck outside" oneself.
καλῶς : verse 6.
πεποίηκεν : perfect* of ποιέω do.
καί ... καί : both ... and.
κωφός : verse 32.
ἀκούειν : infinitive of ἀκούω hear.
ἄλαλος : unable to talk, dumb.
λαλεῖν : infinitive of λαλέω say.

*In essence, though not exactly in use, the Greek perfect tense corresponds to the English one, in that it is not a past tense but a present one, indicating not the past action as such but the present "state of affairs" resulting from the past action (BG §285).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 8:1):

Ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις πάλιν πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος καὶ μὴ ἐχόντων τί φάγωσιν, προσκαλεσάμενος τοὺς μαθητὰς λέγει αὐτοῖς

Transliteration (Accordance):

En ekeinais tais hēmerais palin pollou ochlou ontos kai mē echontōn ti phagōsin, proskalesamenos tous mathētas legei autois

Translation (ESV)

In those days, when again a great crowd had gathered, and they had nothing to eat, he called his disciples to him and said to them

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις : at that time, but here serving to link two paragraphs and not meant as a chronological note.
πολὺς ὄχλος : a big crowd.
ὄντος : participle of εἰμί, genitive absolute when ... was present.
μὴ ἐχόντων : genitive absolute ; participle causal, plural referring to the individuals composing the crowd, as they had.
τί : interrogative for ὁ* ; after a negative anything.
φάγωσιν : aorist subjunctive of ἐσθίω, subjunctive final.
προσκαλεσάμενος : aorist participle of προσκαλέομαι call to oneself ; translate Again another time when there was a big crowd, and as they had nothing to eat, he called the disciples and said (principle verb).

*BG §221. There is a great affinity between relative clauses and indirect questions after verbs of saying, knowing, etc. Hence it comes about that in Hellenistic Greek τί may be used in place of the relative, ..., or the relative instead of the interrogative, ....

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 8:2):

σπλαγχνίζομαι ἐπὶ τὸν ὄχλον, ὅτι ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι καὶ οὐκ ἔχουσιν τί φάγωσιν

Transliteration (Accordance):

splagchnizomai epi ton ochlon, hoti ēdē hēmerai treis prosmenousin moi kai ouk echousin ti phagōsin

Translation (ESV)

"I have compassion on the crowd, because they have been with me now three days and have nothing to eat.

Analysis (Zerwick):

σπλαγχνίζομαι : be moved in one's inward parts (σπλάγχνα), have compassion on, feel sorry for.
ἡμέραι τρεῖς : where one would expect an accusative of duration, by now (it is) three days and they...
προσμένω (τινί) : remain/stay with (one).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 8:3):

καὶ ἐὰν ἀπολύσω αὐτοὺς νήστεις εἰς οἶκον αὐτῶν, ἐκλυθήσονται ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ· καί τινες αὐτῶν ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἥκασιν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ean apolysō autous nēsteis eis oikon autōn, eklythēsontai en tȩ̄ hodō̧; kai tines autōn apo makrothen hēkasin.

Translation (ESV)

And if I send them away hungry to their homes, they will faint on the way. And some of them have come from far away."

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐάν : if with subjunctive expressing a future condition.
ἀπολύσω : aorist subjunctive of ἀπολύω send away/back.
νήστεις : plural of νῆστις without food, fasting, hungry.
ἐκλυθήσονται : future passive of ἐκλύω relax, weaken ; passive grow weak/faint.
τινές : enclitic some.
μακρόθεν : from a distance, (come) a long way.
ἀπό : from, away from, pleonastic with μακρόθεν.
ἥκασιν (for ἥκουσιν) : ἥκω have come, be present ; perfect in meaning, it is sometimes conjugated as perfect : ἥκα -ας etc.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 8:4):

καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ὅτι πόθεν τούτους δυνήσεταί τις ὧδε χορτάσαι ἄρτων ἐπ᾿ ἐρημίας;

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai apekrithēsan autō̧ hoi mathētai autou hoti pothen toutous dynēsetai tis hōde chortasai artōn ep’ erēmias?

Translation (ESV)

And his disciples answered him, "How can one feed these people with bread here in this desolate place?"

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀπεκρίθησαν : aorist deponent of ἀποκρίνομαι answer.
ὅτι = "...
πόθεν; : "from where? from what source?" here, how?
δυνήσεται : future of δύναμαι be able.
χορτάσαι : aorist infinitive of χορτάζω satisfy with food.
ἄρτων : genitive after verb of filling ; literally "from where will one be able to satisfy these people (τούτους) with bread here in the desert?" i.e. how can one feed these people...?
ἐρημία : desert.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 8:5):

καὶ ἠρώτα αὐτούς· πόσους ἔχετε ἄρτους; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν· ἑπτά.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ērōta autous; posous echete artous? hoi de eipan; hepta.

Translation (ESV)

And he asked them, "How many loaves do you have?" They said, "Seven."

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἠρώτα : imperfect of ἐρωτάω ask.
πόσος; : how great/much? plural how many?

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 8:6a):

καὶ παραγγέλλει τῷ ὄχλῳ ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai paraggellei tō̧ ochlō̧ anapesein epi tēs gēs

Translation (ESV)

And he directed the crowd to sit down on the ground.

Analysis (Zerwick):

παραγγέλλω (τινί) : command, direct (one) 6:8, historic present.
ἀναπεσεῖν : aorist infinitive of ἀναπίπτω recline, sit down for a meal.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 8:6b):

καὶ λαβὼν τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἐδίδου τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ἵνα παρατιθῶσιν, καὶ παρέθηκαν τῷ ὄχλῳ.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai labōn tous hepta artous eucharistēsas eklasen kai edidou tois mathētais autou hina paratithōsin, kai parethēkan tō̧ ochlō̧.

Translation (ESV)

And he took the seven loaves, and having given thanks, he broke them and gave them to his disciples to set before the people; and they set them before the crowd.

Analysis (Zerwick):

λαβών : aorist participle of λαμβάνω take.
εὐχαριστήσας : aorist participle of εὐχαριστέω give thanks.
ἔκλασεν : aorist of κλάω break.
ἐδίδου : imperfect 3rd singular of δίδωμι give, imperfect of with force "he went on giving".
παρατιθῶσιν : subjunctive of παρατίθημι set before, serve food to, present of duration or repeated action.
παρέθηκαν : aorist constative (global).*

*The global aorist. There is perhaps a risk that some may suppose the aorist to express necessarily a "momentary" action (because ποιῆσαι = "do" a thing definitively = posit an act, as distinct from ποιεῖν = "be doing" it over a length of time). In fact of course, the action expressed by the aorist may have occupied a long time, or the reference may be to an act frequently repeated; the aorist will be used so long as the writer wishes simply to record the fact of the act or acts, and not to represent the action as in progress or habitual, i.e. so long as the whole activity expressed by the verb is regarded "globally" (BG §253).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 8:7a):

καὶ εἶχον ἰχθύδια ὀλίγα

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai eichon ichthydia oliga

Translation (ESV)

And they had a few small fish.

Analysis (Zerwick):

εἶχον : imperfect of ἔχω have.
ἰχθύδιον : diminutive of ἰχθύς fish*
ὀλίγος : little, plural a few.

*BG §485: Later Greek, and especially popular speech, tended to the use of diminutives without diminutive sense. Hence παιδίον is simply equivalent to παῖς, nor can stress be laid in Mark on the diminutive forms 6:22 κοράσιον (for κόρη), 7:27 κυνάριον (for κύων), 7:25 θυγάτριον (for θυγάτηρ).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 8:7b):

καὶ εὐλογήσας αὐτὰ εἶπεν καὶ ταῦτα παρατιθέναι.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai eulogēsas auta eipen kai tauta paratithenai.

Translation (ESV)

And having blessed them, he said that these also should be set before them.

Analysis (Zerwick):

εὐλογήσας : aorist participle of εὐλογέω bless.
καὶ ταῦτα : these too.
εἶπεν : with infinitive told ... to (do something), supply αὐτοῖς ; otherwise it would be followed by passive infinitive παρατίθεσθαι.
παρατιθέναι : infinitive of παρατίθημι to place something before someone, set before.