Mark

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 6:51b):

καὶ λίαν [ἐκ περισσοῦ] ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἐξίσταντο

Transliteration:

kai lian [ek perissou] en heautois existanto

Translation (ESV)

And they were utterly astounded

Analysis (Zerwick):

λίαν : very.
περισσός : excessive, ἐκ περισσοῦ exceedingly, extremely.
ἐν ἑαυτοῖς : within themselves.
ἐξίσταντο : imperfect of ἐξίσταμαι be beside (ἐξ-) oneself with astonishment, be stupefied/astounded.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 6:52):

οὐ γὰρ συνῆκαν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄρτοις, ἀλλ᾿ ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη.

Transliteration:

ou gar synēkan epi tois artois, all’ ēn autōn hē kardia pepōrōmenē.

Translation (ESV)

for they did not understand about the loaves, but their hearts were hardened.

Analysis (Zerwick):

συνῆκαν : aorist of συνίημι (put together, e.g. concepts) understand, gain an insight into transitive had understood.
ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄρτοις : (literally "on the occasion of ...") about the loaves, i.e. what was involved in the miracle of the loaves, what the miracle meant.
καρδία : heart, in Semitic thought the seat of the intellect.
πεπωρωμένη : perfect passive participle of πωρόω harden, with ἦν forming periphrastic pluperfect ; καρδία πεπωρωμένη mentally insensitive, obtuse, dull.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 6:53):

Καὶ διαπεράσαντες ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἦλθον εἰς Γεννησαρὲτ καὶ προσωρμίσθησαν.

Transliteration:

Kai diaperasantes epi tēn gēn ēlthon eis Gennēsaret kai prosōrmisthēsan.

Translation (ESV)

When they had crossed over, they came to land at Gennesaret and moored to the shore.

Analysis (Zerwick):

διαπεράσαντες : aorist participle of διαπεράω cross over.
ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἦλθον : they came to land.
προσωρμίσθησαν : aorist passive of προσορμίζομαι come into harbor, anchor.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 6:54):

καὶ ἐξελθόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου εὐθὺς ἐπιγνόντες αὐτὸν

Transliteration:

kai exelthontōn autōn ek tou ploiou euthys epignontes auton

Translation (ESV)

And when they got out of the boat, the people immediately recognized him

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐπιγνόντες : aorist participle of ἐπιγινώσκω recognize.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 6:55):

περιέδραμον ὅλην τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην καὶ ἤρξαντο ἐπὶ τοῖς κραβάττοις τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας περιφέρειν ὅπου ἤκουον ὅτι ἐστίν.

Transliteration:

periedramon holēn tēn chōran ekeinēn kai ērxanto epi tois krabattois tous kakōs echontas peripherein hopou ēkouon hoti estin.

Translation (ESV)

and ran about the whole region and began to bring the sick people on their beds to wherever they heard he was.

Analysis (Zerwick):

περιέδραμον : aorist of περιτρέχω run about, 3rd plural impersonal the people recognized him and ran about.
χώρα : district, accusative of extent.
κράβαττος : litter, stretcher.
κακῶς : ill, badly.
ἔχοντας : participle of ἔχω have ; with adverb denotes a state be, κακῶς ἔχοντας who were ill.
περιφέρειν : infinitive of περιφέρω bring, carry around (to).
ὅπου : wherever.
ἤκουον : imperfect of ἀκούω hear referring to repeated action.
ἐστίν : translate he was (tense of direct speech "he is here").

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 6:56a):

καὶ ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς κώμας ἢ εἰς πόλεις ἢ εἰς ἀγρούς, ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς ἐτίθεσαν τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας καὶ παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν ἵνα κἂν τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ ἅψωνται

Transliteration:

kai hopou an eiseporeueto eis kōmas ē eis poleis ē eis agrous, en tais agorais etithesan tous asthenountas kai parekaloun auton hina kan tou kraspedou tou himatiou autou hapsōntai

Translation (ESV)

And wherever he came, in villages, cities, or countryside, they laid the sick in the marketplaces and implored him that they might touch even the fringe of his garment.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὅπου ἄν : wherever should be followed by subjunctive but to indicate repeated action in the past, the imperfect or aorist indicative had to be used (the optative being no longer used for iteration).
εἰσεπορεύετο : imperfect of εἰσπορεύομαι enter.
κώμη : village.
ἀγρός : field ; plural sometimes hamlet.
ἀγορά : market-place, square.
ἐτίθεσαν : imperfect of τίθημι lay, put.
ἀσθενοῦντας : participle of ἀσθενέω be weak or ailing.
παρεκάλουν : imperfect of παρακαλέω beg one to.
κἂν = καὶ ἐάν : if only, even just.
κράσπεδον : edge of a garment ; perhaps tassel worn at each corner of an outer garment in accordance with Num 15:38.
ἱμάτιον : (outer) garment, cloak.
ἅψωνται : aorist subjunctive of ἅπτομαί τινος touch something.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 6:56b):

καὶ ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ ἐσῴζοντο.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai hosoi an hēpsanto autou esō̧zonto.

Translation (ESV)

And as many as touched it were made well.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὅσοι ἄν : as many as.
ἥψαντο : aorist of ἅπτομαι touch.
ἐσῴζοντο : imperfect passive of σῴζω make safe (σῶς) make well.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:1):

Καὶ συνάγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai synagontai pros auton hoi Pharisaioi kai tines tōn grammateōn elthontes apo Hierosolymōn.

Translation (ESV)

Now when the Pharisees gathered to him, with some of the scribes who had come from Jerusalem

Analysis (Zerwick):

συνάγονται : passive of συνάγω with reflexive meaning gather/come together.
τινες : enclitic some.
ἐλθόντες : who had come, aorist participle ἔρχομαι relative past.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:2):

καὶ ἰδόντες τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι κοιναῖς χερσίν, τοῦτ᾿ ἔστιν ἀνίπτοις, ἐσθίουσιν τοὺς ἄρτους

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai idontes tinas tōn mathētōn autou hoti koinais chersin, tout’ estin aniptois, esthiousin tous artous

Translation (ESV)

they saw that some of his disciples ate with hands that were defiled, that is, unwashed.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἰδόντες : aorist participle of ὁράω see.
κοινός : common to all ; ordinary ; profane ; hence ceremonially unclean.
χερσίν : dative plural of χείρ hand.
τοῦτ᾿ ἔστιν : that is, i.e., namely.
ἄνιπτος : unwashed.
ἐσθίω ἄρτον : Semitism take food, eat a meal ; plural τοὺς ἄρτους their meals.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:3):

― οἱ γὰρ Φαρισαῖοι καὶ πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐὰν μὴ πυγμῇ νίψωνται τὰς χεῖρας οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν, κρατοῦντες τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων

Transliteration (Accordance):

― hoi gar Pharisaioi kai pantes hoi Ioudaioi ean mē pygmȩ̄ nipsōntai tas cheiras ouk esthiousin, kratountes tēn paradosin tōn presbyterōn[/i]

Translation (ESV)

(For the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they wash their hands, holding to the tradition of the elders,

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐάν : with subjunctive, universal condition ; ἐὰν μή unless.
πυγμῇ : dative of πυγμή, meaning uncertain, literally "with (the) fist"; ? carefully, diligently (Wm) ; ? up to the elbow (JB) ; omit RSV, NEB [[variant πυκνά often]].
νίψωνται : aorist middle subjunctive of νίπτω wash ; middle = French se laver (e.g. les mains), wash one's own (e.g. hands).
κρατοῦντες : participle of κρατέω keep, observe.
παράδοσιν : (< παραδίδωμι) a handing down, hence what is handed down, tradition.
πρεσβύτερος : comparative of πρέσβυς old, here of those of past generation, forefathers.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:4a):

καὶ ἀπ᾿ ἀγορᾶς ἐὰν μὴ βαπτίσωνται οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ap’ agoras ean mē baptisōntai ouk esthiousin[/i]

Translation (ESV)

and when they come from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they wash.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀγορά : market-place ; ἀπ᾿ ἀγορᾶς a form of pregnant construction (on their return) from the market-place ; others understand (anything) (accusative) from the market-place ; ἀγορᾶς anarthrous in prepositional phrase.
βαπτίσωνται : aorist middle subjunctive of βαπτίζω dip, wash ceremonially [[variant ῥαντίσωνται they sprinkle themselves or (what comes) from the market-place (aorist middle subjunctive of ῥαντίζω sprinkle)]]*

*7.4 βαπτίσωνται {B} Although it can be argued that the less familiar word (ῥαντίσωνται) was replaced by the more familiar one (βαπτίσωνται), it is far more likely that Alexandrian copyists, either wishing to keep βαπτίζειν for the Christian rite, or, more probably, taking ἀπ᾿ ἀγορᾶς as involving a partitive construction, introduced ῥαντίσωνται as more appropriate to express the meaning, “except they sprinkle [what is] from the market place, they do not eat [it].” ― Bruce Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:4b):

καὶ ἄλλα πολλά ἐστιν ἃ παρέλαβον κρατεῖν, βαπτισμοὺς ποτηρίων καὶ ξεστῶν καὶ χαλκίων [καὶ κλινῶν] ―

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai alla polla estin ha parelabon kratein, baptismous potēriōn kai xestōn kai chalkiōn [kai klinōn] ―

Translation (ESV)

And there are many other traditions that they observe, such as the washing of cups and pots and copper vessels and dining couches.)

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἄλλα πολλά : many other things.
ἐστίν : singular after neuter plural subject.
παρέλαβον : aorist of παραλαμβάνω receive, here as compliment of παραδίδωμι (hand down) a tradition (παράδοσις) which is handed over by one generation and "received" by another ; παρέλαβον κρατεῖν literally "which they have taken over to observe" i.e. of which they have inherited the observance.
κρατεῖν : infinitive of κρατέω hold.
βαπτισμός : washing, accusative in apposition to ἄλλα.
ποτήριον : wine-cup.
ξέστης : vessel, jug.
χαλκίον : copper utensil.
κλίνη : bed [[variant omit καὶ κλινῶν]]*

*7.4 καὶ χαλκίων [καὶ κλινῶν] {C} It is difficult to decide whether the words καὶ κλινῶν were added by copyists who were influenced by the legislation of Lv 15, or whether the words were omitted (a) accidentally because of homoeoteleuton or (b) deliberately because the idea of washing or sprinkling beds seemed to be quite incongruous. In view of the balance of probabilities, as well as the strong witnesses that support each reading, a majority of the Committee preferred to retain the words, but to enclose them within square brackets. ― Bruce Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:5):

καὶ ἐπερωτῶσιν αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς· διὰ τί οὐ περιπατοῦσιν οἱ μαθηταί σου κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, ἀλλὰ κοιναῖς χερσὶν ἐσθίουσιν τὸν ἄρτον;

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai eperōtōsin auton hoi Pharisaioi kai hoi grammateis; dia ti ou peripatousin hoi mathētai sou kata tēn paradosin tōn presbyterōn, alla koinais chersin esthiousin ton arton?

Translation (ESV)

And the Pharisees and the scribes asked him, "Why do your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat with defiled hands?"

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐπερωτάω : ask a question.
διὰ τί; : "on account of what?" why?
περιπατέω : in Semitic sense of live, behave.
παράδοσις : (< παραδίδωμι) a handing down, hence what is handed down, tradition.
κοιναῖς χερσίν : verse 2.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:6):

Ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· καλῶς ἐπροφήτευσεν Ἠσαΐας περὶ ὑμῶν τῶν ὑποκριτῶν, ὡς γέγραπται [ὅτι] οὗτος ὁ λαὸς τοῖς χείλεσίν με τιμᾷ, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ

Transliteration (Accordance):

hO de eipen autois; kalōs eprophēteusen Ēsaias peri hymōn tōn hypokritōn, hōs gegraptai [hoti] houtos ho laos tois cheilesin me tima̧, hē de kardia autōn porrō apechei ap’ emou

Translation (ESV)

And he said to them, "Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written, "'This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me;

Analysis (Zerwick):

καλῶς : well, appropriately, rightly.
ἐπροφήτευσεν : aorist of προφητεύω prophesy.
ὑποκριτής : (< ὑποκρίνομαι pretend, act a part) actor, hence hypocrite.
γέγραπται : it stands written, perfect passive of γράφω write.
ὅτι = "...
χεῖλος : lip.
τιμᾷ : 3rd singular of τιμάω honor.
πόρρω : far (away).
ἀπέχει : intransitive be away/distant.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 7:7):

μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με διδάσκοντες διδασκαλίας ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων.

Transliteration (Accordance):

matēn de sebontai me didaskontes didaskalias entalmata anthrōpōn.

Translation (ESV)

in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.'

Analysis (Zerwick):

μάτην : adverb : in vain.
σέβομαι : reverence, worship.
διδάσκοντες : participle of διδάσκω teach.
διδασκαλία : teaching, doctrine.
ἔνταλμα : (< ἐντέλλομαι enjoin) commandment.