Mark

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:22b):

εἰ δὲ μή, ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τοὺς ἀσκοὺς

Transliteration:

ei de mē, rhēxei ho oinos tous askous

Translation (ESV)

If he does, the wine will burst the skins

Analysis (Zerwick):

ῥήξει : future of ῥήγνυμι break, burst.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:22c):

καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί

Transliteration:

kai ho oinos apollytai kai hoi askoi

Translation (ESV)

and the wine is destroyed, and so are the skins.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀπόλλυται : middle of ἀπόλλυμι, in middle be lost/ruined.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:22d):

ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς.

Transliteration:

alla oinon neon eis askous kainous.

Translation (ESV)

But new wine is for fresh wineskins.

Analysis (Zerwick):

[[variant: omit ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς]]*

*2.22 ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς {C} Not observing that εἰ … ἀσκοί is parenthetical and therefore that the force of βάλλει carries over to the words after ἀλλά, copyists inserted βλητέον (from Lk 5.38) or βάλλουσιν (from Mt 9.17). The omission of the words ἀλλὰ … καινούς in D and ita, b, d, ff2, i, r1, t may have been either deliberate (when the copyist, not observing their regimen with βάλλει, could make no sense of them), or, more probably, accidental (occasioned by the repetition of the words οἶνος and ἀσκός in close succession) ―Bruce Metzger, Textual Commentary on the Greek NT.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:23a):

Καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς σάββασιν παραπορεύεσθαι διὰ τῶν σπορίμων

Transliteration:

Kai egeneto auton en tois sabbasin paraporeuesthai dia tōn sporimōn

Translation (ESV)

One Sabbath he was going through the grainfields

Analysis (Zerwick):

σάββατον : singular and plural, sabbath, week ; ἐν τοῖς σάββασιν on the sabbath.
παραπορεύεσθαι : infinitive of παραπορεύομαι go by, pass.
διά : in walking "through" a field of grain, one makes one's way along the edge of the crops and so, at the same time, "passes by".
σπόριμος : (< σπείρω sow seed) sown ; τὰ σπόριμα crops.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:23b):

καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ἤρξαντο ὁδὸν ποιεῖν τίλλοντες τοὺς στάχυας.

Transliteration:

kai hoi mathētai autou ērxanto hodon poiein tillontes tous stachyas.

Translation (ESV)

One Sabbath he was going through the grainfields, and as they made their way, his disciples began to pluck heads of grain.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἤρξαντο : aorist of ἄρχομαι begin.
ὁδὸν ποιεῖν : (infinitive) ; the context calls for the meaning make one's way ; Matthew and Luke avoid the phrase.
τίλλοντες : participle of τίλλω pull, pick.
στάχυς, -υος, ὁ : ear of corn.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:24):

καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἔλεγον αὐτῷ· ἴδε τί ποιοῦσιν τοῖς σάββασιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν;

Transliteration:

kai hoi Pharisaioi elegon autō̧; ide ti poiousin tois sabbasin ho ouk exestin?

Translation (ESV)

And the Pharisees were saying to him, "Look, why are they doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath?"

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἔλεγον : imperfect of λέγω say.
ἴδε : look, aorist imperative of ὁράω see.
τί; : why?
ἔξεστιν : it is lawful, permitted

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:25):

καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ,

Transliteration:

kai legei autois; oudepote anegnōte ti epoiēsen Dauid hote chreian eschen kai epeinasen autos kai hoi met’ autou,

Translation (ESV)

And he said to them, "Have you never read what David did, when he was in need and was hungry, he and those who were with him:

Analysis (Zerwick):

οὐδέποτε : never.
ἀνέγνωτε : aorist of ἀναγινώσκω read.
τί : (indirect interrogative) that which, what.
ἐποίησεν : aorist of ποιέω do.
χρεία : need.
ἔσχεν : aorist of ἔχω have ; aorist inceptive (ingressive)* "when they found themselves in need".
ἐπείνασεν : aorist of πεινάω be hungry, aorist felt hungry.
αὐτός : probably with some emphasis, he himself as well as those with him.

*The inceptive aorist. The aorist calls for special attention in verbs which of their nature indicate a state; with these verbs the aorist commonly (but not necessarily) indicates the inception of the state, and this may demand a different translation... (BG §250).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:26a):

πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ

Transliteration:

pōs eisēlthen eis ton oikon tou theou

Translation (ESV)

how he entered the house of God

Analysis (Zerwick):

πῶς : indirect and with weakened interrogative sense as is often the case with how.
εἰσῆλθεν : aorist of εἰσέρχομαι enter.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:26b):

ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως

Transliteration:

epi Abiathar archiereōs

Translation (ESV)

in the time of Abiathar the high priest

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐπί : (with genitive) in the time of, under (e.g. king or high priest).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:26c):

καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως ἔφαγεν

Transliteration:

kai tous artous tēs protheseōs ephagen

Translation (ESV)

and ate the bread of the Presence

Analysis (Zerwick):

πρόθεσις : a laying out, οἱ ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως the showbread, the bread of the Presence ; a "Hebrew genitive"* i.e. having the force of an adjective, expression taken from the LXX.

*The "Hebrew " genitive. Of the types of genitive commonly listed by grammarians, the one which approaches most closely the "general" genitive is the "attributive" or "qualitative" one, also called the "Hebrew" genitive, inasmuch as its scope and use in Biblical Greek is extended, owing to Semitic influence, to many expressions in which the Greeks used not a genitive but an adjective (BG §40).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:26d):

οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἱερεῖς

Transliteration:

hous ouk exestin phagein ei mē tous hiereis

Translation (ESV)

which it is not lawful for any but the priests to eat

Analysis (Zerwick):

φαγεῖν : aorist infinitive of ἐσθίω eat.
οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν εἰ μή : it is not lawful (for anyone) except.
ἱερεύς : priest, τοὺς ἱερεῖς accusative as subject of infinitive φαγεῖν.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:26e):

καὶ ἔδωκεν καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν;

Transliteration:

kai edōken kai tois syn autō̧ ousin?

Translation (ESV)

and also gave it to those who were with him?

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἔδωκεν : aorist of δίδωμι give.
οὖσιν : participle dative plural (of εἰμί "be") representing imperfect, to those who were.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:27):

καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· τὸ σάββατον διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο καὶ οὐχ ὁ ἄνθρωπος διὰ τὸ σάββατον·

Transliteration:

kai elegen autois; to sabbaton dia ton anthrōpon egeneto kai ouch ho anthrōpos dia to sabbaton;

Translation (ESV)

And he said to them, "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath.

Analysis (Zerwick):

σάββατον : singular and plural sabbath, week.
διά : (with accusative) on man's account, for (the sake of) man.
ἐγένετο : came into being, was made, aorist of γίνομαι.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 2:28):

ὥστε κύριός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ τοῦ σαββάτου.

Transliteration:

hōste kyrios estin ho huios tou anthrōpou kai tou sabbatou.

Translation (ESV)

So the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὥστε : beginning of an independent clause, therefore, so.
κύριός : predicate, without article, lord.
καί : even, also.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Mark 3:1):

Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν πάλιν εἰς τὴν συναγωγήν. καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἄνθρωπος ἐξηραμμένην ἔχων τὴν χεῖρα.

Transliteration:

Kai eisēlthen palin eis tēn synagōgēn. kai ēn ekei anthrōpos exērammenēn echōn tēn cheira.

Translation (ESV)

Again he entered the synagogue, and a man was there who had a withered hand.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐξηραμμένην : feminine perfect passive participle of ξηραίνω dry up ; passive, be withered.
ἔχων : participle of ἔχω have.