1 John

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 4:21):

καὶ ταύτην τὴν ἐντολὴν ἔχομεν ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ἵνα ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὸν θεὸν ἀγαπᾷ καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ.

Transliteration:

kai tautēn tēn entolēn echomen ap’ autou, hina ho agapōn ton theon agapa̧ kai ton adelphon autou.

Translation (ESV)

And this commandment we have from him: whoever loves God must also love his brother.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀγαπᾷ : subjunctive of ἀγαπάω love.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:1):

Πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς, ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ γεγέννηται, καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὸν γεννήσαντα ἀγαπᾷ [καὶ] τὸν γεγεννημένον ἐξ αὐτοῦ.

Transliteration:

Pas ho pisteuōn hoti Iēsous estin ho Christos, ek tou theou gegennētai, kai pas ho agapōn ton gennēsanta agapa̧ [kai] ton gegennēmenon ex autou.

Translation (ESV)

Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God, and everyone who loves the Father loves whoever has been born of him.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὁ Χριστός : predicate.
γεγέννηται : has been born already, perfect passive of γεννάω bear ; faith is not the cause of rebirth but the effect.
ἀγαπῶν : participle of ἀγαπάω love.
γεννήσαντα : aorist participle, τὸν γεννήσαντα his father.
γεγεννημένον : perfect passive participle, τὸν γεγεννημένον ἐξ αὐτοῦ and so his brother.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:2):

ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν ὅτι ἀγαπῶμεν τὰ τέκνα τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅταν τὸν θεὸν ἀγαπῶμεν καὶ τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ ποιῶμεν.

Transliteration:

en toutō̧ ginōskomen hoti agapōmen ta tekna tou theou, hotan ton theon agapōmen kai tas entolas autou poiōmen.

Translation (ESV)

By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and obey his commandments.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀγαπῶμεν : (2nd time) subjunctive (after ὅταν), same form as indicative.
ποιῶμεν : subjunctive of ποιέω do.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:3):

αὕτη γάρ ἐστιν ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ τηρῶμεν, καὶ αἱ ἐντολαὶ αὐτοῦ βαρεῖαι οὐκ εἰσίν.

Transliteration:

hautē gar estin hē agapē tou theou, hina tas entolas autou tērōmen, kai hai entolai autou bareiai ouk eisin.

Translation (ESV)

For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments. And his commandments are not burdensome.

Analysis (Zerwick):

αὕτη ... ἵνα : for infinitive, epexegetical.
τηρῶμεν : subjunctive of τηρέω keep.
βαρύς, -εῖα, -ύ : heavy, burdensome.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:4):

ὅτι πᾶν τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ νικᾷ τὸν κόσμον· καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ νίκη ἡ νικήσασα τὸν κόσμον, ἡ πίστις ἡμῶν.

Transliteration:

hoti pan to gegennēmenon ek tou theou nika̧ ton kosmon; kai hautē estin hē nikē hē nikēsasa ton kosmon, hē pistis hēmōn.

Translation (ESV)

For everyone who has been born of God overcomes the world. And this is the victory that has overcome the world ― our faith.

Analysis (Zerwick):

νικάω : conquer, overcome.
ὁ κόσμος : the world, at times denoting the kingdom of sin actively hostile to God, at others secular society estranged from and ignoring the kingdom of God.
νίκη : victory.
νικήσασα : aorist feminine participle of νικάω, aorist effective.*

*The effective aorist. Just as the aorist of verbs indicating states may express the inception of a state, so the aorist of verbs indicating action directed to some end may express the actual attainment of that end (BG §252).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:5):

Τίς [δέ] ἐστιν ὁ νικῶν τὸν κόσμον εἰ μὴ ὁ πιστεύων ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ;

Transliteration:

Tis [de] estin ho nikōn ton kosmon ei mē ho pisteuōn hoti Iēsous estin ho huios tou theou?

Translation (ESV)

Who is it that overcomes the world except the one who believes that Jesus is the Son of God?

Analysis (Zerwick):

νικῶν : participle of νικάω conquer, overcome.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:6a):

οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐλθὼν δι᾿ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος, Ἰησοῦς Χριστός

Transliteration:

houtos estin ho elthōn di’ hydatos kai haimatos, Iēsous Christos

Translation (ESV)

This is he who came by water and blood ―Jesus Christ

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐλθών : aorist participle of ἔρχομαι come.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:6ab):

οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐλθὼν δι᾿ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος, Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, οὐκ ἐν τῷ ὕδατι μόνον ἀλλ᾿ ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι

Transliteration:

houtos estin ho elthōn di’ hydatos kai haimatos, Iēsous Christos, ouk en tō̧ hydati monon all’ en tō̧ hydati kai en tō̧ haimati

Translation (ESV)

This is he who came by water and blood ―Jesus Christ; not by the water only but by the water and the blood.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐλθών : aorist participle of ἔρχομαι come.
διά : resumed by ἐν, notion of concomitant circumstances combined with that of instrumentality.
ὕδωρ and αἷμα represent baptism and the cross (probably against Cerinthus) ; not only he who was baptized was the son of God but also he who was crucified.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:7a):

καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν τὸ μαρτυροῦν, ὅτι τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν ἡ ἀλήθεια.

Transliteration:

kai to pneuma estin to martyroun, hoti to pneuma estin hē alētheia.

Translation (ESV)

And the Spirit is the one who testifies, because the Spirit is the truth.

Analysis (Zerwick):

μαρτυροῦν : participle of μαρτυρέω be a witness.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:7b-8):

^7b ὅτι τρεῖς εἰσιν οἱ μαρτυροῦντες ⁸ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸ αἷμα, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς εἰς τὸ ἕν εἰσιν.

Transliteration:

^7b ὅτι τρεῖς εἰσιν οἱ μαρτυροῦντες, ⁸ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸ αἷμα, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς εἰς τὸ ἕν εἰσιν.

Translation (ESV)

^7b For there are three that testify: ⁸ the Spirit and the water and the blood; and these three agree.

Analysis (Zerwick):

μαρτυροῦντες : participle of μαρτυρέω testify.
τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸ αἷμα : by an extension of the association with baptism and the cross (verse 6), water and blood, here referring to Christian baptism and the eucharist (celebrating Christ's death on the cross), are cited as witnesses.
εἰς τὸ ἕν εἰσιν : are united, are at one ; εἰς probably due to Hebraic influence.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:9):

εἰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων λαμβάνομεν, ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ θεοῦ μείζων ἐστίν· ὅτι αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ θεοῦ ὅτι μεμαρτύρηκεν περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ.

Transliteration:

ei tēn martyrian tōn anthrōpōn lambanomen, hē martyria tou theou meizōn estin; hoti hautē estin hē martyria tou theou hoti memartyrēken peri tou huiou autou.

Translation (ESV)

If we receive the testimony of men, the testimony of God is greater, for this is the testimony of God that he has borne concerning his Son.

Analysis (Zerwick):

μαρτυρία : testimony.
μείζων : comparative of μέγας great.
ὅτι : (first time) for.
μεμαρτύρηκεν : perfect of μαρτυρέω to offer testimony.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:10):

ὁ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ἔχει τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ὁ μὴ πιστεύων τῷ θεῷ ψεύστην πεποίηκεν αὐτόν, ὅτι οὐ πεπίστευκεν εἰς τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἣν μεμαρτύρηκεν ὁ θεὸς περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ.

Transliteration:

ho pisteuōn eis ton huion tou theou echei tēn martyrian en heautō̧, ho mē pisteuōn tō̧ theō̧ pseustēn pepoiēken auton, hoti ou pepisteuken eis tēn martyrian hēn memartyrēken ho theos peri tou huiou autou.

Translation (ESV)

Whoever believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself. Whoever does not believe God has made him a liar, because he has not believed in the testimony that God has borne concerning his Son.

Analysis (Zerwick):

πιστεύω τῷ θεῷ : believe God, to be distinguished from πιστεύω εἰς τὸν θεόν.
ψεύστης : liar.
πεποίηκεν : perfect of ποιέω make ; disbelief being tantamount to an accusation of lying.
αὐτόν : him i.e. God.
πεπίστευκεν : perfect of πιστεύω believe.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:11):

Καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία, ὅτι ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ θεός, καὶ αὕτη ἡ ζωὴ ἐν τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν.

Transliteration:

Kai hautē estin hē martyria, hoti zōēn aiōnion edōken hēmin ho theos, kai hautē hē zōē en tō̧ huiō̧ autou estin.

Translation (ESV)

And this is the testimony, that God gave us eternal life, and this life is in his Son.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἔδωκεν : aorist of δίδωμι give, by the incarnation of his Son, cf Jn 3:16.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:12):

ὁ ἔχων τὸν υἱὸν ἔχει τὴν ζωήν· ὁ μὴ ἔχων τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν ζωὴν οὐκ ἔχει.

Transliteration:

ho echōn ton huion echei tēn zōēn; ho mē echōn ton huion tou theou tēn zōēn ouk echei.

Translation (ESV)

Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have the Son of God does not have life.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ζωή : life.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (1 John 5:13):

Ταῦτα ἔγραψα ὑμῖν ἵνα εἰδῆτε ὅτι ζωὴν ἔχετε αἰώνιον, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ.

Transliteration:

Tauta egrapsa hymin hina eidēte hoti zōēn echete aiōnion, tois pisteuousin eis to onoma tou huiou tou theou.

Translation (ESV)

I write these things to you who believe in the name of the Son of God that you may know that you have eternal life.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἔγραψα : (epistolary) aorist of γράφω write.
εἰδῆτε : subjunctive of perfect-present οἶδα know.
τοῖς πιστεύουσιν : (dative plural participle of πιστεύω believe) in apposition to ὑμῖν you (plural).