Revelation

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:7a):

Ὁ ἔχων οὖς ἀκουσάτω τί τὸ πνεῦμα λέγει ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις.

Transliteration:

hO echōn ous akousatō ti to pneuma legei tais ekklēsiais.

Translation (ESV)

He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.

Analysis (Zerwick):

οὖς, ὠτός, τό : ear.
ἀκουσάτω : aorist imperative 3rd singular of ἀκούω hear.
τί (as indirect interrogative) what.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:7b):

Τῷ νικῶντι δώσω αὐτῷ φαγεῖν ἐκ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τοῦ θεοῦ

Transliteration:

Tō̧ nikōnti dōsō autō̧ phagein ek tou xylou tēs zōēs, ho estin en tō̧ paradeisō̧ tou theou

Translation (ESV)

To the one who conquers I will grant to eat of the tree of life, which is in the paradise of God.

Analysis (Zerwick):

νικῶντι : participle of νικάω conquer, be victorious ; in Revelation νικάω has everywhere the sense of one who, in the power of Christ, has overcome sin and endured martyrdom ; αὐτῷ superfluous.
δώσω : future of δίδωμι grant, allow.
φαγεῖν : aorist infinitive of ἐσθίω eat: δίδωμί τινι φαγεῖν ἐκ Mt 14:16.
ξύλον : wood, tree.
παράδεισος : word of Persian origin, garden ; here home of the blessed, heaven.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:8):

Καὶ τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Σμύρνῃ ἐκκλησίας γράψον· Τάδε λέγει ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ὃς ἐγένετο νεκρὸς καὶ ἔζησεν·

Transliteration:

Kai tō̧ aggelō̧ tēs en Smyrnȩ̄ ekklēsias grapson; Tade legei ho prōtos kai ho eschatos, hos egeneto nekros kai ezēsen;

Translation (ESV)

And to the angel of the church in Smyrna write: 'The words of the first and the last, who died and came to life.'

Analysis (Zerwick):

γράψον : aorist imperative of γράφω write.
τάδε : these things, (classical referring to what follows) opposite ταῦτα (classical referring to what precedes).
ἔσχατος : last.
ἔζησεν : came to life, aorist (inceptive) of ζάω.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:9):

οἶδά σου τὴν θλῖψιν καὶ τὴν πτωχείαν, ἀλλὰ πλούσιος εἶ, καὶ τὴν βλασφημίαν ἐκ τῶν λεγόντων Ἰουδαίους εἶναι ἑαυτοὺς καὶ οὐκ εἰσὶν ἀλλὰ συναγωγὴ τοῦ σατανᾶ.

Transliteration:

oida sou tēn thlipsin kai tēn ptōcheian, alla plousios ei, kai tēn blasphēmian ek tōn legontōn Ioudaious einai heautous kai ouk eisin alla synagōgē tou satana.

Translation (ESV)

I know your tribulation and your poverty (but you are rich) and the slander of those who say that they are Jews and are not, but are a synagogue of Satan.

Analysis (Zerwick):

θλῖψις : distress, affliction.
πτωχεία : poverty, destitution.
πλούσιος : rich.
βλασφημία : slander.
ἐκ : on the part of.
τῶν λεγόντων ... καὶ οὐκ εἰσίν : participial construction lapsing into indicative with καί coordinate.
συναγωγή : synagogue ; congregation.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:10a):

μηδὲν φοβοῦ ἃ μέλλεις πάσχειν.

Transliteration:

mēden phobou ha melleis paschein.

Translation (ESV)

Do not fear what you are about to suffer.

Analysis (Zerwick):

μηδέν : nothing.
φοβοῦ : imperative of φοβέομαι fear.
μέλλω : be about to.
πάσχειν : infinitive of πάσχω suffer.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:10b):

ἰδοὺ μέλλει βάλλειν ὁ διάβολος ἐξ ὑμῶν εἰς φυλακὴν ἵνα πειρασθῆτε

Transliteration:

idou mellei ballein ho diabolos ex hymōn eis phylakēn hina peirasthēte

Translation (ESV)

Behold, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὁ διάβολος : the devil.
ἐξ ὑμῶν : (sc. τινές) some of you, a Hebraism.
φυλακή : (< φυλάσσω guard, keep) prison.
πειρασθῆτε : aorist passive subjunctive of πειραζω try, put to the test.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:10c):

καὶ ἕξετε θλῖψιν ἡμερῶν δέκα

Transliteration:

kai hexete thlipsin hēmerōn deka

Translation (ESV)

and for ten days you will have tribulation.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἕξετε : future of ἔχω have.
θλῖψις : trouble that inflicts distress, here probably in the form of persecution.
ἡμερῶν : days, genitive of time during which.
δέκα = 10.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:10d):

γίνου πιστὸς ἄχρι θανάτου

Transliteration:

ginou pistos achri thanatou

Translation (ESV)

Be faithful unto death

Analysis (Zerwick):

γίνου : be! imperative of γίνομαι, for little used ἴσθι (εἰμί).
πιστός : faithful.
ἄχρι : until, unto.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:10e):

καὶ δώσω σοι τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς.

Transliteration:

kai dōsō soi ton stephanon tēs zōēs.

Translation (ESV)

and I will give you the crown of life.

Analysis (Zerwick):

δώσω : future of δίδωμι give.
στέφανος : crown.
τῆς ζωῆς : epexegetic namely eternal life.*

*Epexegetic genitive. From an exegetical point of view, especial attention is to be paid to the "epexegetic" genitive or genitive of apposition (i.e. in which the substance added in the genitive is in reality an apposition denoting the same person or thing as the substantive to which the genitive is attached, as in the English usage "city of Rome", with which contrast the Latin urbs Roma) for it is comparatively rare, and is not always immediately recognized as such, whence there may arise apparent difficulties of interpretation. Of the many examples collected by U. Holzmeister from the N.T the following are some of the most important: the "sign of Jonah" Mt 12:39 is not a sign given by or to Jonah or in any way merely connected with him, but is the sign which Jonah was, or Jonah himself, as a sign.... (BG §45).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:11a):

Ὁ ἔχων οὖς ἀκουσάτω τί τὸ πνεῦμα λέγει ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις.

Transliteration:

hO echōn ous akousatō ti to pneuma legei tais ekklēsiais.

Translation (ESV)

He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.

Analysis (Zerwick):

οὖς, ὠτός, τό : ear.
ἀκουσάτω : aorist imperative 3rd singular of ἀκούω hear.
τί (as indirect interrogative) what.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:11b):

Ὁ νικῶν οὐ μὴ ἀδικηθῇ ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ δευτέρου.

Transliteration:

Ho nikōn ou mē adikēthȩ̄ ek tou thanatou tou deuterou.

Translation (ESV)

The one who conquers will not be hurt by the second death.

Analysis (Zerwick):

οὐ μή : (with subjunctive) emphatic negative referring to the future.
ἀδικηθῇ : aorist passive subjunctive of ἀδικέω injure, hurt.
ἐκ : from, by.
δεύτερος : second.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:12):

Καὶ τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Περγάμῳ ἐκκλησίας γράψον· Τάδε λέγει ὁ ἔχων τὴν ῥομφαίαν τὴν δίστομον τὴν ὀξεῖαν

Transliteration:

Kai tō̧ aggelō̧ tēs en Pergamō̧ ekklēsias grapson; Tade legei ho echōn tēn rhomphaian tēn distomon tēn oxeian

Translation (ESV)

"And to the angel of the church in Pergamum write: 'The words of him who has the sharp two-edged sword.

Analysis (Zerwick):

γράψον : aorist imperative of γράφω write.
τάδε : these things (classical referring to what follows) opposite ταῦτα ['these things'] (classical referring to what precedes).
ῥομφαία : sword.
δίστομος : (< δίς twice + στόμα mouth/edge) two-edged.
ὀξύς, -εῖα, -ύ : sharp.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:13a):

οἶδα ποῦ κατοικεῖς

Transliteration:

oida pou katoikeis

Translation (ESV)

I know where you live

Analysis (Zerwick):

ποῦ : (as indirect interrogative) where.
κατοικέω : live, dwell.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:13b):

ὅπου ὁ θρόνος τοῦ σατανᾶ

Transliteration:

hopou ho thronos tou satana

Translation (ESV)

where Satan's throne is.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὅπου : there where.
ὁ θρόνος τοῦ σατανᾶ : sanctuary of Asclepius with the serpent as its symbol, a famous center for worship of pagan gods and the emperor in particular.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:13c):

καὶ κρατεῖς τὸ ὄνομά μου

Transliteration:

kai krateis to onoma mou

Translation (ESV)

Yet you hold fast my name

Analysis (Zerwick):

κρατέω : hold firmly.