Revelation

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:20a):

ἀλλὰ ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὅτι ἀφεῖς τὴν γυναῖκα Ἰεζάβελ

Transliteration:

alla echō kata sou hoti apheis tēn gynaika Iezabel

Translation (ESV)

But I have this against you, that you tolerate that woman Jezebel

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀφεῖς : 2nd singular of ἀφίημι allow, tolerate.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:20b):

ἡ λέγουσα ἑαυτὴν προφῆτιν

Transliteration:

hē legousa heautēn prophētin

Translation (ESV)

who calls herself a prophetess

Analysis (Zerwick):

προφῆτις : prophetess.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:20c):

καὶ διδάσκει καὶ πλανᾷ τοὺς ἐμοὺς δούλους πορνεῦσαι

Transliteration:

kai didaskei kai plana̧ tous emous doulous porneusai

Translation (ESV)

and is teaching and seducing my servants to practice sexual immorality

Analysis (Zerwick):

καί : coordinate, breaks in on participial construction.
πλανάω : lead astray, with infinitive lure ... into.
πορνεῦσαι : aorist infinitive of πορνεύω commit fornication.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:20d):

καὶ φαγεῖν εἰδωλόθυτα.

Transliteration:

kai phagein eidōlothyta.

Translation (ESV)

and to eat food sacrificed to idols.

Analysis (Zerwick):

φαγεῖν : aorist infinitive of ἐσθίω eat.
εἰδωλόθυτος : sacrificed to an idol ; neuter meat so sacrificed.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:21):

καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ χρόνον ἵνα μετανοήσῃ, καὶ οὐ θέλει μετανοῆσαι ἐκ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς.

Transliteration:

kai edōka autȩ̄ chronon hina metanoēsȩ̄, kai ou thelei metanoēsai ek tēs porneias autēs.

Translation (ESV)

I gave her time to repent, but she refuses to repent of her sexual immorality.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἔδωκα : aorist of δίδωμι give.
χρόνος : time.
μετανοήσῃ : aorist subjunctive of μετανοέω repent.
μετανοῆσαι ἐκ : to repent of, aorist infinitive.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:22):

ἰδοὺ βάλλω αὐτὴν εἰς κλίνην καὶ τοὺς μοιχεύοντας μετ᾿ αὐτῆς εἰς θλῖψιν μεγάλην, ἐὰν μὴ μετανοήσωσιν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῆς,

Transliteration:

idou ballō autēn eis klinēn kai tous moicheuontas met’ autēs eis thlipsin megalēn, ean mē metanoēsōsin ek tōn ergōn autēs,

Translation (ESV)

Behold, I will throw her onto a sickbed, and those who commit adultery with her I will throw into great tribulation, unless they repent of her works

Analysis (Zerwick):

βάλλω αὐτὴν εἰς κλίνην : I shall make her take to her bed, (Hebraism) ; present indicative possibly representing Hebrew present participle which may equally refer to future.
μοιχεύοντας : participle of μοιχεύω commit adultery.
θλῖψις : distress, affliction.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:23a):

καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς ἀποκτενῶ ἐν θανάτῳ.

Transliteration:

kai ta tekna autēs apoktenō en thanatō̧.

Translation (ESV)

and I will strike her children dead.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀποκτενῶ : future of ἀποκτείνω kill.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:23b):

καὶ γνώσονται πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἐραυνῶν νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας, καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ὑμῶν.

Transliteration:

kai gnōsontai pasai hai ekklēsiai hoti egō eimi ho eraunōn nephrous kai kardias, kai dōsō hymin hekastō̧ kata ta erga hymōn.

Translation (ESV)

And all the churches will know that I am he who searches mind and heart, and I will give to each of you according to your works.

Analysis (Zerwick):

γνώσονται : future of γινώσκω know.
ἐραυνῶν : participle of ἐραυνάω search, examine ; ἐραυνῶν ... καὶ δώσω construction similar to verses 2, 9, 20.
νεφρός : plural kidneys, supposed seat of the affections, νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας affections and thoughts.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:24):

ὑμῖν δὲ λέγω τοῖς λοιποῖς τοῖς ἐν Θυατείροις, ὅσοι οὐκ ἔχουσιν τὴν διδαχὴν ταύτην, οἵτινες οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὰ βαθέα τοῦ σατανᾶ ὡς λέγουσιν· οὐ βάλλω ἐφ᾿ ὑμᾶς ἄλλο βάρος

Transliteration:

hymin de legō tois loipois tois en Thyateirois, hosoi ouk echousin tēn didachēn tautēn, hoitines ouk egnōsan ta bathea tou satana hōs legousin; ou ballō eph’ hymas allo baros

Translation (ESV)

But to the rest of you in Thyatira, who do not hold this teaching, who have not learned what some call the deep things of Satan, to you I say, I do not lay on you any other burden.

Analysis (Zerwick):

οἱ λοιποί : the others.
διδαχή : teaching.
ἔγνωσαν : aorist of γινώσκω know.
βαθύς, -εῖα, -ύ : deep, τὰ βαθέα the deep things, i.e. mysteries.
βάλλω : lay.
βάρος : a weight, burden.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:25):

πλὴν ὃ ἔχετε κρατήσατε ἄχρι οὗ ἂν ἥξω.

Transliteration:

plēn ho echete kratēsate achri[s] hou an hēxō.

Translation (ESV)

Only hold fast what you have until I come.

Analysis (Zerwick):

πλήν : except, only.
κρατήσατε : aorist imperative of κρατέω hold fast.
ἄχρι οὗ ἄν : until such time as.
ἥξω : until I come, future or aorist subjunctive of ἥκω (only in present = have come 1 Jn 5:20).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:26):

Καὶ ὁ νικῶν καὶ ὁ τηρῶν ἄχρι τέλους τὰ ἔργα μου, δώσω αὐτῷ ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν

Transliteration:

Kai ho nikōn kai ho tērōn achri telous ta erga mou, dōsō autō̧ exousian epi tōn ethnōn

Translation (ESV)

The one who conquers and who keeps my works until the end, to him I will give authority over the nations

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὁ νικῶν : the one who overcomes, pendent nominative.*
τηρῶν : participle of τηρέω keep.
τέλος : end.

*The pendant nominative .... is a form of anacoluthon frequent enough in vulgar Greek. It consists in the enunciation of the logical (not grammatical) subject at the beginning of the sentence, followed by a sentence in which that subject is taken up by a pronoun in the case required by the syntax (BG §25).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:27-28a):

καὶ ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ ὡς τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικὰ συντρίβεται ὡς κἀγὼ εἴληφα παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου

Transliteration:

kai poimanei autous en rhabdō̧ sidēra̧ hōs ta skeuē ta keramika syntribeta hōs kagō eilēpha para tou patros moui

Translation (ESV)

and he will rule them with a rod of iron, as when earthen pots are broken in pieces, even as I myself have received authority from my Father.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ποιμανεῖ : future of ποιμαίνω mind a flock, hence rule.
ἐν : instrumental, with.
ῥάβδος : rod.
σιδηροῦς : of iron.
σκεῦος : vessel, pot.
κεραμικός : made of clay.
συντρίβεται : passive of συντρίβω smash, present for future.
κἀγὼ = καὶ ἐγώ.
εἴληφα : perfect of λαμβάνω receive.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:28b):

καὶ δώσω αὐτῷ τὸν ἀστέρα τὸν πρωϊνόν.

Transliteration:

kai dōsō autō̧ ton astera ton prōinon.

Translation (ESV)

And I will give him the morning star.

Analysis (Zerwick):

πρωϊνός : early ; ὁ ἀστήρ ὁ πρωϊνός the morning star (Venus), symbol of Christ.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 2:29):

Ὁ ἔχων οὖς ἀκουσάτω τί τὸ πνεῦμα λέγει ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις.

Transliteration:

hO echōn ous akousatō ti to pneuma legei tais ekklēsiais.

Translation (ESV)

He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.

Analysis (Zerwick):

οὖς, ὠτός, τό : ear.
ἀκουσάτω : aorist imperative 3rd singular of ἀκούω hear.
τί (as indirect interrogative) what.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Revelation 3:1):

Καὶ τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Σάρδεσιν ἐκκλησίας γράψον· Τάδε λέγει ὁ ἔχων τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας· οἶδά σου τὰ ἔργα ὅτι ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς, καὶ νεκρὸς εἶ.

Transliteration:

Kai tō̧ aggelō̧ tēs en Sardesin ekklēsias grapson; Tade legei ho echōn ta hepta pneumata tou theou kai tous hepta asteras; oida sou ta erga hoti onoma echeis hoti zȩ̄s, kai nekros ei.

Translation (ESV)

And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: 'The words of him who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. "'I know your works. You have the reputation of being alive, but you are dead.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἄγγελος : explained in different ways, all of which from "guardian angels" to "messengers from the churches" are beset by difficulties. Probably the angels stand as symbols of the spirit and outlook characterizing each community.
γράψον : aorist imperative of γράφω write.
τάδε : these things (classical referring to what follows) opposite ταῦτα ['these things'] (classical referring to what precedes).
ἀστήρ, -έρος, ὁ : star.
ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι... : you have the name of...
ζῇς : 2nd singular of ζάω be alive, live.