John

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:25):

Ἐγένετο οὖν ζήτησις ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν Ἰωάννου μετὰ Ἰουδαίου περὶ καθαρισμοῦ

Transliteration:

Egeneto oun zētēsis ek tōn mathētōn Iōannou meta Ioudaiou peri katharismou

Translation (ESV)

Now a discussion arose between some of John's disciples and a Jew over purification.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐγένετο : aorist of γίνομαι happen.
ζήτησις : investigation ; controversy.
ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν : on the part of John's disciples indicating source of the discussion, but may stand for τισὶν ἐκ... between some of John's disciples, cf 1:24.
μετὰ Ἰουδαίου : with a Jew.
καθαρισμός : as it stands, purification ; the following verses suggest that argument centered on the relative merits of the baptism of John and Jesus.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:26):

καὶ ἦλθον πρὸς τὸν Ἰωάννην καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· ῥαββί, ὃς ἦν μετὰ σοῦ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, ᾧ σὺ μεμαρτύρηκας, ἴδε οὗτος βαπτίζει καὶ πάντες ἔρχονται πρὸς αὐτόν

Transliteration:

kai ēlthon pros ton Iōannēn kai eipan autō̧; rhabbi, hos ēn meta sou peran tou Iordanou, ō̧h sy memartyrēkas, ide houtos baptizei kai pantes erchontai pros auton

Translation (ESV)

And they came to John and said to him, "Rabbi, he who was with you across the Jordan, to whom you bore witness ― look, he is baptizing, and all are going to him."

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὅς : he who, the man who.
πέραν : (with genitive) beyond, on the other side of.
μεμαρτύρηκας : perfect of μαρτυρέω (τινί) testify in favor of one.
ἴδε : aorist imperative of ὁράω, as exclamation, look!

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:27):

ἀπεκρίθη Ἰωάννης καὶ εἶπεν· οὐ δύναται ἄνθρωπος λαμβάνειν οὐδὲ ἓν ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

Transliteration:

apekrithē Iōannēs kai eipen; ou dynatai anthrōpos lambanein oude hen ean mē ȩ̄ dedomenon autō̧ ek tou ouranou.

Translation (ESV)

John answered, "A person cannot receive even one thing unless it is given him from heaven.

Analysis (Zerwick):

οὐ ... ἄνθρωπος : Semitism for οὐδείς no one.
λαμβάνειν : infinitive of λαμβάνω receive.
οὐδὲ ἕν : even one (neuter), a single thing.
ᾖ : subjunctive of εἰμί be.
δεδομένον : perfect passive participle neuter of δίδωμι give.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:28):

αὐτοὶ ὑμεῖς μοι μαρτυρεῖτε ὅτι εἶπον [ὅτι] οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγὼ ὁ χριστός, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι ἀπεσταλμένος εἰμὶ ἔμπροσθεν ἐκείνου.

Transliteration:

autoi hymeis moi martyreite hoti eipon [hoti] ouk eimi egō ho christos, all’ hoti apestalmenos eimi emprosthen ekeinou.

Translation (ESV)

You yourselves bear me witness, that I said, 'I am not the Christ, but I have been sent before him.'

Analysis (Zerwick):

αὐτοὶ ὑμεῖς : you yourselves.
μαρτυρεῖτε : 2nd plural of μαρτυρέω bear witness ; μοι μαρτυρεῖτε you can bear me out (JB).
Χριστός : (< χρίω anoint) the Anointed One, Messiah.
ὅτι = "...
ἀπεσταλμένος : perfect passive participle of ἀποστέλλω sent.
ἔμπροσθεν : (with genitive) before.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:29a):

ὁ ἔχων τὴν νύμφην νυμφίος ἐστίν

Transliteration:

ho echōn tēn nymphēn nymphios estin

Translation (ESV)

The one who has the bride is the bridegroom.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἔχων : participle of ἔχω have.
νύμφη : bride.
νυμφίος : bridegroom ; "it is the bridegroom who has the bride", i.e. the bride belongs to the groom.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:29b):

ὁ δὲ φίλος τοῦ νυμφίου ὁ ἑστηκὼς καὶ ἀκούων αὐτοῦ χαρᾷ χαίρει διὰ τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ νυμφίου.

Transliteration:

ho de philos tou nymphiou ho hestēkōs kai akouōn autou chara̧ chairei dia tēn phōnēn tou nymphiou.

Translation (ESV)

The friend of the bridegroom, who stands and hears him, rejoices greatly at the bridegroom's voice.

Analysis (Zerwick):

φίλος : friend.
ἑστηκώς : standing, perfect (intransitive with present meaning) participle of ἵστημι.
ἀκούων : participle of ἀκούω hear, ἀκούων αὐτοῦ listening to him.
χαρά : joy ; χαρᾷ χαίρει "rejoices with joy", is overjoyed ; the frequency of this construction with cognate dative in NT due to its affinity with a common Hebrew idiom.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:30):

ἐκεῖνον δεῖ αὐξάνειν, ἐμὲ δὲ ἐλαττοῦσθαι.

Transliteration:

ekeinon dei auxanein, eme de elattousthai.

Translation (ESV)

He must increase, but I must decrease.

Analysis (Zerwick):

αὐξάνειν : infinitive of αὐξάνω increase ; intransitive grow, increase.
ἐλαττοῦσθαι : passive infinitive of ἐλαττόω make smaller, decrease.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:31a):

Ὁ ἄνωθεν ἐρχόμενος ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν

Transliteration:

hO anōthen erchomenos epanō pantōn estin

Translation (ESV)

He who comes from above is above all.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἄνωθεν : from above.
ἐπάνω : (with genitive) over, above.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:31b):

ὁ ὢν ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς λαλεῖ.

Transliteration:

ho ōn ek tēs gēs ek tēs gēs estin kai ek tēs gēs lalei.

Translation (ESV)

He who is of the earth belongs to the earth and speaks in an earthly way.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὢν : participle of εἰμί be.
ὁ ὢν ἐκ τῆς γῆς : he who is from the earth.
ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν : belongs to the earth, is earthly.
ἐκ τῆς γῆς λαλεῖ. : speaks in earthly terms.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:31c):

ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐρχόμενος [ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν]·

Transliteration:

ho ek tou ouranou erchomenos [epanō pantōn estin];

Translation (ESV)

He who comes from heaven is above all.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐπάνω : above, over.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:32):

ὃ ἑώρακεν καὶ ἤκουσεν τοῦτο μαρτυρεῖ, καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν αὐτοῦ οὐδεὶς λαμβάνει.

Transliteration:

ho heōraken kai ēkousen touto martyrei, kai tēn martyrian autou oudeis lambanei.

Translation (ESV)

He bears witness to what he has seen and heard, yet no one receives his testimony.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὃ : accusative what.
ἑώρακεν : he has seen perfect of ὁράω see ; it is difficult to see wherein this differs from the aorist which follows.
ἤκουσεν : aorist of ἀκούω hear.
καί : (2nd time) and yet.
μαρτυρία : testimony.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:33):

ὁ λαβὼν αὐτοῦ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἐσφράγισεν ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ἀληθής ἐστιν.

Transliteration:

ho labōn autou tēn martyrian esphragisen hoti ho theos alēthēs estin.

Translation (ESV)

Whoever receives his testimony sets his seal to this, that God is true.

Analysis (Zerwick):

λαβών : aorist participle of λαμβάνω receive.
ἐσφράγισεν : aorist of σφραγίζω seal ; hence attest ; he who has received ... has attested.
ἀληθής : true, meaning "speaks the truth".

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:34):

ὃν γὰρ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ θεοῦ λαλεῖ, οὐ γὰρ ἐκ μέτρου δίδωσιν τὸ πνεῦμα.

Transliteration:

hon gar apesteilen ho theos ta rhēmata tou theou lalei, ou gar ek metrou didōsin to pneuma.

Translation (ESV)

For he whom God has sent utters the words of God, for he gives the Spirit without measure.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀπέστειλεν : aorist of ἀποστέλλω send.
ῥῆμα : word.
μέτρον : measure ; οὐ ... ἐκ μέτρου without measure.
δίδωσιν : he gives : subject may be "he whom God has sent" or "God".

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:35):

ὁ πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ τὸν υἱὸν καὶ πάντα δέδωκεν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ.

Transliteration:

ho patēr agapa̧ ton huion kai panta dedōken en tȩ̄ cheiri autou.

Translation (ESV)

The Father loves the Son and has given all things into his hand.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀγαπᾷ : 3rd singular of ἀγαπάω love.
δέδωκεν : perfect of δίδωμι give.
ἐν : with connotation of rest following a verb of motion, "pregnant construction".

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:36):

ὁ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν υἱὸν ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον· ὁ δὲ ἀπειθῶν τῷ υἱῷ οὐκ ὄψεται ζωήν, ἀλλ᾿ ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ μένει ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν.

Transliteration:

ho pisteuōn eis ton huion echei zōēn aiōnion; ho de apeithōn tō̧ huiō̧ ouk opsetai zōēn, all’ hē orgē tou theou menei ep’ auton.

Translation (ESV)

Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever does not obey the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀπειθῶν : participle of ἀπειθέω be disobedient (ἀπειθής).
ὄψεται : future of ὁράω see.
ὀργή : wrath, the just anger of God.