John

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 2:22b):

καὶ ἐπίστευσαν τῇ γραφῇ καὶ τῷ λόγῳ ὃν εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς.

Transliteration:

kai episteusan tȩ̄ graphȩ̄ kai tō̧ logō̧ hon eipen ho Iēsous.

Translation (ESV)

and they believed the Scripture and the word that Jesus had spoken.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐπίστευσαν : aorist of πιστεύω (with dative) believe to be true.
γραφή : writing, Scripture.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 2:23):

Ὡς δὲ ἦν ἐν τοῖς Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐν τῷ πάσχα ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ, πολλοὶ ἐπίστευσαν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ θεωροῦντες αὐτοῦ τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει·

Transliteration:

hŌs de ēn en tois Hierosolymois en tō̧ pascha en tȩ̄ heortȩ̄, polloi episteusan eis to onoma autou theōrountes autou ta sēmeia ha epoiei;

Translation (ESV)

Now when he was in Jerusalem at the Passover Feast, many believed in his name when they saw the signs that he was doing.

Analysis (Zerwick):

πάσχα : (indeclinable) τό (Aramaic pass-over) passover ; celebrated on the night of 14th-15th Nisan and followed by the feast of unleavened bread.
ἑορτή : feast, festival.
ὄνομα : name, denotes the person in his specific quality ; in John of Jesus as the Son of God.
θεωροῦντες : participle of θεωρέω observe, see.
ἐποίει : imperfect of ποιέω, the proleptic αὐτοῦ echoing Semitic idiom.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 2:24):

αὐτὸς δὲ Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἐπίστευεν αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς διὰ τὸ αὐτὸν γινώσκειν πάντας

Transliteration:

autos de Iēsous ouk episteuen auton autois dia to auton ginōskein pantas

Translation (ESV)

But Jesus on his part did not entrust himself to them, because he knew all people

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐπίστευεν : imperfect of πιστεύω (τί τινι) entrust (something to one).
διὰ τό : (with accusative + infinitive) because.
γινώσκειν : infinitive of γινώσκω know.
πάντας : masculine plural (accusative) all men.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 2:25):

καὶ ὅτι οὐ χρείαν εἶχεν ἵνα τις μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ.

Transliteration:

kai hoti ou chreian eichen hina tis martyrēsȩ̄ peri tou anthrōpou; autos gar eginōsken ti ēn en tō̧ anthrōpō̧.

Translation (ESV)

and needed no one to bear witness about man, for he himself knew what was in man.

Analysis (Zerwick):

χρεία : necessity, need ; χρείαν ἔχω (τινός) have need of (something), need (something).
εἶχεν : imperfect of ἔχω have.
ἵνα : for infinitive.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:1):

Ἦν δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων, Νικόδημος ὄνομα αὐτῷ, ἄρχων τῶν Ἰουδαίων·

Transliteration:

Ēn de anthrōpos ek tōn Pharisaiōn, Nikodēmos onoma autō̧, archōn tōn Ioudaiōn;

Translation (ESV)

Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων : of the Pharisees, ἐκ for partitive genitive.
Νικόδημος ὄνομα αὐτῷ : a parenthesis, "Nicodemus (was) the name to him", his name was Nicodemus.
ἄρχων, -οντος, ὁ : ruler ; authority, official ; ἄρχων τῶν Ἰουδαίων a leading Jew (JB), a member of the Jewish council (NEB).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:2):

οὗτος ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν νυκτὸς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ῥαββί, οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐλήλυθας διδάσκαλος· οὐδεὶς γὰρ δύναται ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ὁ θεὸς μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ.

Transliteration:

houtos ēlthen pros auton nyktos kai eipen autō̧; rhabbi, oidamen hoti apo theou elēlythas didaskalos; oudeis gar dynatai tauta ta sēmeia poiein ha sy poieis, ean mē ȩ̄ ho theos met’ autou.

Translation (ESV)

This man came to Jesus by night and said to him, "Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do unless God is with him."

Analysis (Zerwick):

νυκτός : (νύξ) genitive of time "during which".
ῥαββί : rabbi, in Aramaic, mode of address to a teacher, master.
ἐλήλυθας : perfect 2nd singular of ἔρχομαι come.
διδάσκαλος : master, teacher.
σημεῖον : sign ; John's term for a miracle seen as something significant.
ἐὰν μή : unless.
ᾖ : subjunctive of εἰμί be.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:3):

ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν, οὐ δύναται ἰδεῖν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.

Transliteration:

apekrithē Iēsous kai eipen autō̧; amēn amēn legō soi, ean mē tis gennēthȩ̄ anōthen, ou dynatai idein tēn basileian tou theou.

Translation (ESV)

Jesus answered him, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God."

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀπεκρίθη : aorist deponent of ἀποκρίνομαι answer.
ἀμήν : always introducing a solemn declaration, the repeated Amen characteristic of the Johannine Jesus.
ἐὰν μή : unless.
τις : enclitic one, a man.
γεννηθῇ : aorist passive subjunctive of γεννάω.
ἄνωθεν : either from above or again ; the ambiguity is deliberate.
ἰδεῖν : aorist infinitive of ὁράω see.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:4a):

λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸν [ὁ] Νικόδημος· πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι γέρων ὤν;

Transliteration:

legei pros auton [ho] Nikodēmos; pōs dynatai anthrōpos gennēthēnai gerōn ōn?

Translation (ESV)

Nicodemus said to him, "How can a man be born when he is old?

Analysis (Zerwick):

γεννηθῆναι : aorist passive infinitive of γεννάω.
γέρων, -οντος, ὁ : old man.
ὤν : participle of εἰμί be ; temporal use of participle, when he is old.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:4b):

μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι;

Transliteration:

mē dynatai eis tēn koilian tēs mētros autou deuteron eiselthein kai gennēthēnai?

Translation (ESV)

Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born?"

Analysis (Zerwick):

μή : interrogative expecting the answer "No", may sometimes admit of the translation surely ... not.
κοιλία : (a hollow) belly, womb.
δεύτερον : adverb again, a second time.
εἰσελθεῖν : aorist infinitive of εἰσέρχομαι enter.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:5):

ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς· ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.

Transliteration:

apekrithē Iēsous; amēn amēn legō soi, ean mē tis gennēthȩ̄ ex hydatos kai pneumatos, ou dynatai eiselthein eis tēn basileian tou theou.

Translation (ESV)

Jesus answered, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐὰν μή : unless.
γεννηθῇ : aorist passive subjunctive of γεννάω ; γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος be born of/from water and spirit.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:6):

τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστιν, καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος πνεῦμά ἐστιν.

Transliteration:

to gegennēmenon ek tēs sarkos sarx estin, kai to gegennēmenon ek tou pneumatos pneuma estin.

Translation (ESV)

That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit..

Analysis (Zerwick):

γεγεννημένον : what is born, perfect passive participle of γεννάω.
σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ : flesh, not merely literal nor of the body alone, but as in "a man of flesh and blood"; not necessarily evil.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:7):

μὴ θαυμάσῃς ὅτι εἶπόν σοι· δεῖ ὑμᾶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν.

Transliteration:

mē thaumasȩ̄s hoti eipon soi; dei hymas gennēthēnai anōthen.

Translation (ESV)

Do not marvel that I said to you, 'You must be born again.'

Analysis (Zerwick):

μή : with aorist subjunctive forbidding specific action ; the present imperative forbidding continuation was to be expected here.
θαυμάσῃς : aorist subjunctive of θαυμάζω marvel, wonder.
γεννηθῆναι : aorist passive infinitive of γεννάω.
ἄνωθεν : either from above or again ; the ambiguity is ambiguity is deliberate.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:8):

τὸ πνεῦμα ὅπου θέλει πνεῖ καὶ τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ ἀκούεις, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ οἶδας πόθεν ἔρχεται καὶ ποῦ ὑπάγει· οὕτως ἐστὶν πᾶς ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος.

Transliteration:

to pneuma hopou thelei pnei kai tēn phōnēn autou akoueis, all’ ouk oidas pothen erchetai kai pou hypagei; houtōs estin pas ho gegennēmenos ek tou pneumatos.

Translation (ESV)

The wind blows where it wishes, and you hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from or where it goes. So it is with everyone who is born of the Spirit.

Analysis (Zerwick):

πνεῦμα : here, wind.
ὅπου : wherever.
πνεῖ : 3rd singular of πνέω blow.
φωνή : sound.
ἀκούω : (with accusative) hear a sound.
πόθεν : (as indirect interrogative) from where, where it comes from.
ποῦ : (indirect) to what place, where it goes (to).
γεγεννημένος : born, perfect passive participle masculine of γεννάω.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:9):

ἀπεκρίθη Νικόδημος καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι;

Transliteration:

apekrithē Nikodēmos kai eipen autō̧; pōs dynatai tauta genesthai?

Translation (ESV)

Nicodemus said to him, "How can these things be?"

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀπεκρίθη : aorist deponent of ἀποκρίνομαι answer.
γενέσθαι : aorist infinitive of γίνομαι be.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (John 3:10):

ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις;

Transliteration:

apekrithē Iēsous kai eipen autō̧; sy ei ho didaskalos tou Israēl kai tauta ou ginōskeis?

Translation (ESV)

Jesus answered him, "Are you the teacher of Israel and yet you do not understand these things?

Analysis (Zerwick):

σύ : may suggest an implicit "not I".
διδάσκαλος : master, teacher, i.e. of Israel's Law and tradition ; article in predicate very emphatic.