Malachi

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:6a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏בֵּן יְכַבֵּד אָב וְעֶבֶד אֲדֹנָיו

Transliteration:

bēn yᵉkabbēd ʾāb wᵉʿebed ʾᵃdōnāyw

Translation (ESV):

A son honors his father, and a servant his master.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

בֵּן (bēn) : a son.
יְכַבֵּד (yᵉkabbēd) : Piel imperfect 3 m.s. of ‏כָּבֵד (kābēd) : honors.
אָב (ʾāb) : [his] father.
וְעֶבֶד (wᵉʿebed) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + noun ‏עֶבֶד (ʿebed) : and a servant.
אֲדֹנָיו (ʾᵃdōnāyw) : plural of intensity or rank of ‏אָדוֹן (ʾādōn) + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : his master.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:6b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְאִם־אָב אָנִי אַיֵּה כְבוֹדִי

Transliteration:

wᵉʾim-ʾāb ʾānî ʾayyê kᵉbôdî

Translation (ESV):

If then I am a father, where is my honor?

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְאִם (wᵉʾim) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + hypothetical particle אִם (ʾim) : if.
אָב (ʾāb) : a father.
אָנִי (ʾānî) : personal pronoun 1 c.s. : I [am].
אַיֵּה (ʾayyê) : interrogative : where?.
כְבוֹדִי (kᵉbôdî) : noun ‏כָּבוֹד (kābôd) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : [is] my honor.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:6c):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְאִם־אֲדוֹנִים אָנִי אַיֵּה מוֹרָאִי

Transliteration:

wᵉʾim-ʾᵃdônîm ʾānî ʾayyê môrāʾî

Translation (NRSV):

And if I am a master, where is the respect due me?

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְאִם (wᵉʾim) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + hypothetical particle אִם (ʾim) : and if.
אָנִי (ʾānî) : personal pronoun 1 c.s. : I [am].
אֲדוֹנִים (ʾᵃdônîm) : a master.
אַיֵּה (ʾayyê) : interrogative adverb : where? [is].
מוֹרָאִי (môrāʾî) : noun ‏מוֹרָא (môrāʾ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my fear/respect.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:6d):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת לָכֶם הַכֹּהֲנִים בּוֹזֵי שְׁמִי

Transliteration:

ʾāmar YHWH ṣᵉbāʾôt lākem hakkōhᵃnîm bôzê šᵉmî

Translation (NRSV):

says the LORD of hosts to you, O priests, who despise my name.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

אָמַר (ʾāmar) : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : says.
יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
צְבָאוֹת (ṣᵉbāʾôt) : plural of ‏צָבָא (ṣāḇāʾ) : [of] armies.
לָכֶם (lākem) : preposition ‏לְ (lᵉ) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : to you.
הַכֹּהֲנִים (hakkōhᵃnîm) : definite article + plural of ‏כֹּהֵן (kōhēn) : the priests.
בּוֹזֵי (bôzê) : construct of Qal m.p. participle of ‏בָּזָה (bāzâ) : the ones despising.
שְׁמִי (šᵉmî) : noun ‏שֵׁם (šēm) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my name.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:6e):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַאֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֶּה בָזִינוּ אֶת־שְׁמֶךָ

Transliteration:

waʾᵃmartem bammeh bāzînû ʾet-šᵉmekā

Translation (ESV):

But you say, 'How have we despised your name?'

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וַאֲמַרְתֶּם (waʾᵃmartem) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + Qal perfect 2 m.p. of ‏אָמַר (ʾāmar) : but you say.
בַּמֶּה (bammeh) : preposition ‏בְּ (bᵉ) + definite article + adverbial interrogative ‏מָה (mâ) : how?
בָזִינוּ (bāzînû) : Qal perfect 1 c.p. of ‏בָּזָה (bāzâ) : have we despised.
אֶת (ʾet) : direct object marker.
שְׁמֶךָ (šᵉmekā) : noun ‏שֵׁם (šēm) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your name.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:7a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏מַגִּישִׁים עַל־מִזְבְּחִי לֶחֶם מְגֹאָל

Transliteration:

maggîšîm ʿal-mizbᵉḥî leḥem mᵉgōʾāl

Translation (ESV):

By offering polluted food upon my altar.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

מַגִּישִׁים (maggîšîm) : Hiphil m.p. participle of ‏נָגַשׁ (nāgaš) : [by] offering.
עַל (ʿal) : preposition : upon.
מִזְבְּחִי (mizbᵉḥî) : noun ‏מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbēaḥ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my alter.
מְגֹאָל (mᵉgōʾāl) : Pual m.s. participle of ‏גָּאַל (gāʾal) : polluted.
לֶחֶם (leḥem) : food.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:7b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַאֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֶּה גֵאַלְנוּךָ

Transliteration:

waʾᵃmartem bammeh gēʾalnûkā

Translation (ESV):

But you say, 'How have we polluted you?'

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וַאֲמַרְתֶּם (waʾᵃmartem) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + Qal perfect 2 m.p. of ‏אָמַר (ʾāmar) : but you say.
בַּמֶּה (bammeh) : preposition ‏בְּ (bᵉ) + definite article + adverbial interrogative ‏מָה (mâ) : how?
גֵאַלְנוּךָ (gēʾalnûkā) : Piel perfect 1 c.p. of ‏גָּאַל (gāʾal) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : have we polluted you?

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:7c):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏בֶּאֱמָרְכֶם שֻׁלְחַן יְהוָה נִבְזֶה הוּא

Transliteration:

beʾᵉmārᵉkem šulḥan YHWH nibzeh hûʾ

Translation (ESV):

By saying that the LORD's table may be despised.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

בֶּאֱמָרְכֶם (beʾᵉmārᵉkem) : preposition ‏בְּ (bᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct 2 m.p. of ‏אָמַר (ʾāmar) : by your saying.
שֻׁלְחַן (šulḥan) : construct : the table of.
יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
נִבְזֶה (nibzeh) : Niphal participle of ‏בָּזָה (bāzâ) : despicable.
הוּא (hûʾ) : pronoun 3 m.s. : it [is].

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:8a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְכִי־תַגִּשׁוּן עִוֵּר לִזְבֹּחַ אֵין רָע

Transliteration:

wᵉkî-taggišûn ʿiwwēr lizbōaḥ ʾên rāʿ

Translation (ESV):

When you offer blind animals in sacrifice, is that not evil?

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְכִי (wᵉkî) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + temporal conjunction כִי (kî) : and when.
תַגִּשׁוּן (taggišûn) : Hiphil imperfect 2 m.p. of ‏נָגַשׁ (nāgaš) : you offer.
עִוֵּר (ʿiwwēr) : a blind [animal].
לִזְבֹּחַ (lizbōaḥ) : preposition ‏לְ (lᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct of ‏זָבַח (zābaḥ) : to sacrifice.
אֵין (ʾên) : [is] not?
רָע (rāʿ) : [that] evil.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:8b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְכִי תַגִּישׁוּ פִּסֵּחַ וְחֹלֶה אֵין רָע

Transliteration:

wᵉkî taggîšû pissēaḥ wᵉḥōleh ʾên rāʿʿ

Translation (ESV):

And when you offer those that are lame or sick, is that not evil?

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְכִי (wᵉkî) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + temporal conjunction כִי (kî) : and when.
תַגִּשׁוּן (taggišûn) : Hiphil imperfect 2 m.p. of ‏נָגַשׁ (nāgaš) : you offer.
פִּסֵּחַ (pissēaḥ) : a lame (animal).
וְחֹלֶה (wᵉḥōleh) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + Qal participle of ‏חָלָה (ḥālâ) : and sick.
אֵין (ʾên) : [is] not?
רָע (rāʿ) : [that] evil.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:8c):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏הַקְרִיבֵהוּ נָא לְפֶחָתֶךָ

Transliteration:

haqrîbêhû nāʾ lᵉpeḥātekā

Translation (ESV):

Present that to your governor

Glossary (meanings in this context):

הַקְרִיבֵהוּ (haqrîbêhû) : Hiphil imperative 2 m.s. of ‏קָרַב (qārab) + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : present it
נָא (nāʾ) : particle of entreaty.
לְפֶחָתֶךָ (lᵉpeḥātekā) : preposition ‏לְ (lᵉ) + noun ‏פֶּחָה (peḥâ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : to your governor.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:8d):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏הֲיִרְצְךָ אוֹ הֲיִשָּׂא פָנֶיךָ

Transliteration:

hᵃyirṣᵉkā ʾô hᵃyiśśāʾ pānêkā

Translation (ESV):

will he accept you or show you favor?

Glossary (meanings in this context):

הֲיִרְצְךָ (hᵃyirṣᵉkā) : interrogative הֲ (hᵃ) + Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of ‏רָצָה (rāṣâ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : will he accept you favorably?
אוֹ (ʾô) : conjunction : or.
הֲיִשָּׂא (hᵃyiśśāʾ) : interrogative הֲ (hᵃ) + Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of ‏נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ) : will he lift up?
פָנֶיךָ (pānêkā) : plural of ‏פָּנֶה (pāneh) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your face.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:8e):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת

Transliteration:

ʾāmar YHWH ṣᵉbāʾôt

Translation (NET):

says the LORD of hosts.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

אָמַר (ʾāmar) : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : says.
יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
צְבָאוֹת (ṣᵉbāʾôt) : plural of ‏צָבָא (ṣābāʾ) : who rules over all (NET).*

*The epithet LORD who rules over all occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Malachi (24 times total). This name (‏יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת‎, yéhvah tsévaʾot), traditionally translated “LORD of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123–57. ― (NET Note)

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:9a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְעַתָּה חַלּוּ־נָא פְנֵי־אֵל וִיחָנֵנוּ

Transliteration:

wᵉʿattâ ḥallû-nāʾ pᵉnê-ʾēl wı̂ḥānēnû

Translation (NRSV):

And now implore the favor of God, that he may be gracious to us

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְעַתָּה (wᵉʿattâ) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + adverb of time עַתָּה (ʿattâ) : and now.
חַלּוּ (ḥallû) : Piel imperative 2 m.p. of ‏חָלָה (ḥālâ) : implore.
נָא (nāʾ) : particle of entreaty.
פְנֵי (pᵉnê) : plural construct of ‏פָּנֶה (pāneh) : the face/favor of.
אֵל (ʾēl) : God.
וִיחָנֵנוּ (wı̂ḥānēnû) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + Qal imperfect 3 m.p. of ‏חָנַן (ḥānan) + pronominal 1 c.p. suffix : that he may be gracious to us.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:9b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏מִיֶּדְכֶם הָיְתָה זֹּאת הֲיִשָּׂא מִכֶּם פָּנִים אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת

Transliteration:

mîyedkem hāyᵉtâ zōʾt hᵃyiśśāʾ mikkem pānîm ʾāmar YHWH ṣᵉbāʾôt

Translation (NRSV):

With such a gift from your hand, will he show favor to any of you? says the LORD of hosts.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

מִיֶּדְכֶם (mîyedkem) : preposition ‏מִן (min) + noun ‏יָד (yād) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : from your hand.
הָיְתָה (hāyᵉtâ) : Qal perfect 3 f.s. of ‏הָיָה (hāyâ) : was (has been).
זֹּאת (zōʾt) : demonstrative : this.
הֲיִשָּׂא (hᵃyiśśāʾ) : interrogative הֲ (hᵃ) + Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of ‏נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ) : will he lift up?
מִכֶּם (mikkem) : preposition ‏מִן (min) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : from you.
פָּנִים (pānîm) : plural of ‏פָּנֶה (pāneh) : faces.
אָמַר (ʾāmar) : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : says.
יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
צְבָאוֹת (ṣᵉbāʾôt) : plural of ‏צָבָא (ṣābāʾ) : who rules over all (NET).*

*The epithet LORD who rules over all occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Malachi (24 times total). This name (‏יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת‎, yéhvah tsévaʾot), traditionally translated “LORD of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123–57. ― (NET Note)