Malachi

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:10a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏מִי גַם־בָּכֶם וְיִסְגֹּר דְּלָתַיִם

Transliteration:

mî gam-bākem wᵉyisgōr dᵉlātayim

Translation (ESV):

Oh that there were one among you who would shut the doors

Glossary (meanings in this context):

מִי (mî) : interrogative : who?
גַם (gam) : adverb : moreover.
בָּכֶם (bākem) : preposition ‏בְּ (bᵉ) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : among you.
וְיִסְגֹּר (wᵉyisgōr) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of ‏סָגַר (sāgar) : let him shut.
דְּלָתַיִם (dᵉlātayim) : dual of ‏דֶּלֶת (delet) : doors.

Grammar:

Desiderative Sentences. A wish may be expressed not only by the simple imperfect (...), cohortative (...), jussive (...) or by a simple noun-clause (...) but also in the following ways:― .... ― In Malachi 1:10 the desiderative clause proper is co-ordinated with an interrogative clause ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏מִי גַם־בָּכֶם וְיִסְגֹּר דְּלָתַיִם would that one were among you and would shut the doors, i.e. O that one would shut the doors! ― GKC §151a.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:10b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְלֹא־תָאִירוּ מִזְבְּחִי חִנָּם

Transliteration:

wᵉlōʾ-tāʾîrû mizbᵉḥî ḥinnām

Translation (NRSV):

so that you would not kindle fire on my altar in vain!

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְלֹא (wᵉlōʾ) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + negation לֹא (lōʾ) : so not.
תָאִירוּ (tāʾîrû) : Hiphil imperfect 2 m.p. of ‏אוֹר (ʾôr) : you would set light to.
מִזְבְּחִי (mizbᵉḥî) : noun ‏מִזְבֵּחַ (mizḇēaḥ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my alter.
חִנָּם (ḥinnām) : in vain.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:10c):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏אֵין־לִי חֵפֶץ בָּכֶם אָמַר יְהוָה

Transliteration:

ʾên-lî ḥēpeṣ bākem ʾāmar YHWH

Translation (NRSV):

I have no pleasure in you, says the LORD of hosts

Glossary (meanings in this context):

אֵין (ʾên) : construct of negation ‏אַיִן (ʾayin) : [there is] not.
לִי (lî) : preposition ‏לְ (lᵉ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : to me.
חֵפֶץ (ḥēpeṣ) : pleasure.
בָּכֶם (bākem) : preposition ‏בְּ (bᵉ) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : in you.
אָמַר (ʾāmar) : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : says.
יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
צְבָאוֹת (ṣᵉbāʾôt) : plural of ‏צָבָא (ṣābāʾ) : who rules over all (NET).*

*The epithet LORD who rules over all occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Malachi (24 times total). This name (‏יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת‎, yéhvah tsévaʾot), traditionally translated “LORD of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123–57. ― (NET Note)

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:10d):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וּמִנְחָה לֹא־אֶרְצֶה מִיֶּדְכֶם

Transliteration:

ûminḥâ lōʾ-ʾerṣeh mîyedkem

Translation (NRSV):

and I will not accept an offering from your hands.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וּמִנְחָה (ûminḥâ) : conjunction וּ (û) + noun מִנְחָה (minḥâ) : and an offering.
לֹא (lōʾ) : negation : not.
אֶרְצֶה (ʾerṣeh) : Qal imperfect 1 c.s. of ‏רָצָה (rāṣâ) : I will accept.
מִיֶּדְכֶם (mîyedkem) : preposition ‏מִן (min) + noun ‏יָד (yād) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : from your hand.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:11a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏כִּי מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁמֶשׁ וְעַד־מְבוֹאוֹ גָּדוֹל שְׁמִי בַּגּוֹיִם

Transliteration:

kî mimmizraḥ-šemeš wᵉʿad-mᵉbôʾô gādôl šᵉmî baggôyim

Translation (ESV):

For from the rising of the sun to its setting my name will be great among the nations

Glossary (meanings in this context):

כִּי (kî) : for.
מִמִּזְרַח (mimmizraḥ) : preposition ‏מִן (min) + construct ‏מִזְרָח (mizrāḥ) : from the rising of.
שֶׁמֶשׁ (šemeš) : the sun.
וְעַד (wᵉʿad) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + adverb עַד (ʿad) : to.
מְבוֹאוֹ (mᵉbôʾô) : noun ‏מָבוֹא (mābôʾ) + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : its setting.
גָּדוֹל (gādôl) : adjective m.s. : great.
שְׁמִי (šᵉmî) : noun ‏שֵׁם (šēm) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : [is/will be] my name.
בַּגּוֹיִם (baggôyim) : preposition ‏בְּ (bᵉ) + definite article + plural of ‏גּוֹי (gōy) : among the nations.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:11b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וּבְכָל־מָקוֹם מֻקְטָר מֻגָּשׁ לִשְׁמִי וּמִנְחָה טְהוֹרָה

Transliteration:

ûbᵉkol-māqôm muqṭār muggoš lišmî ûminḥâ ṭᵉhôrâ

Translation (ESV):

and in every place incense will be offered to my name, and a pure offering.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וּבְכָל (ûbᵉkol) : conjunction וּ (û) + preposition ‏בְּ (bᵉ) + construct of ‏כֹּל (kōl) : and in every.
מָקוֹם (māqôm) : place.
מֻקְטָר (muqṭār) : incense.
מֻגָּשׁ (muggoš) : Hophal participle of ‏נָגַשׁ (nāg̱aš) : [will be] offered.
לִשְׁמִי (lišmî) : preposition ‏לְ (lᵉ) + noun ‏שֵׁם (šēm) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : to my name.
וּמִנְחָה (ûminḥâ) : conjunction וּ (û) + noun מִנְחָה (minḥâ) : and an offering.
טְהוֹרָה (ṭᵉhôrâ) : adjective feminine of ‏טָהוֹר (ṭāhôr) : clean.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:11c):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏כִּי־גָדוֹל שְׁמִי בַּגּוֹיִם אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת

Transliteration:

kî-gādôl šᵉmî baggôyim ʾāmar YWWH ṣᵉbāʾôt

Translation (ESV):

For my name will be great among the nations, says the LORD of hosts.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

כִּי (kî) : conjunction : for.
גָדוֹל (gādôl) : adjective : great.
שְׁמִי (šᵉmî) : noun ‏שֵׁם (šēm) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : [is/will be] my name.
בַּגּוֹיִם (baggôyim) : preposition ‏בְּ (bᵉ) + definite article + plural of ‏גּוֹי (gōy) : among the nations.
אָמַר (ʾāmar) : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : says.
יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
צְבָאוֹת (ṣᵉbāʾôt) : plural of ‏צָבָא (ṣābāʾ) : who rules over all (NET).*

*The epithet LORD who rules over all occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Malachi (24 times total). This name (‏יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת‎, yéhvah tsévaʾot), traditionally translated “LORD of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123–57. ― (NET Note)

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:12a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְאַתֶּם מְחַלְּלִים אוֹתוֹ בֶּאֱמָרְכֶם שֻׁלְחַן אֲדֹנָי מְגֹאָל הוּא

Transliteration:

wᵉʾattem mᵉḥallᵉlîm ʾôtô beʾᵉmārᵉkem šulḥan ʾᵃdōnāy mᵉgōʾāl hûʾ

Translation (ESV):

But you profane it when you say that the Lord's table is polluted

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְאַתֶּם (wᵉʾattem) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + personal pronoun 2 m.p. : but you.
מְחַלְּלִים (mᵉḥallᵉlîm) : Piel participle m.p. of ‏חָלַל (ḥālal) : [are] profaning.
אוֹתוֹ (ʾôtô) : direct object marker ‏אֵת (ʾēt) + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : it.
בֶּאֱמָרְכֶם (beʾᵉmārᵉkem) : preposition ‏בְּ (bᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct of ‏אָמַר (ʾāmar) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : in your saying/when you say.
שֻׁלְחַן (šulḥan) : construct : the table of.
אֲדֹנָי (ʾᵃdōnāy) : plural of ‏אָדוֹן (ʾādōn) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my Lord.
הוּא (hûʾ) : pronoun 3 m.s. : it [is]
מְגֹאָל (mᵉgōʾāl) : Pual participle of II ‏גָּאַל (gāʾal) : polluted.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:12b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְנִיבוֹ נִבְזֶה אָכְלוֹ

Transliteration:

wᵉnîbô nibzeh ʾoklô

Translation (ESV):

and its fruit, that is, its food may be despised.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְנִיבוֹ (wᵉnîbô) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + noun ‏נִיב (nîb) + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : and its fruit.
אָכְלוֹ (ʾoklô) : noun ‏אֹכֶל (ʾōḵel) + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : [that is] its food.
נִבְזֶה (nibzeh) : Niphal participle of ‏בָּזָה (bāzâ) : is contemptible.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:13a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַאֲמַרְתֶּם הִנֵּה מַתְּלָאָה

Transliteration:

waʾᵃmartem hinnê mattᵉlāʾâ

Translation (ESV):

But you say, 'What a weariness this is'

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וַאֲמַרְתֶּם (waʾᵃmartem) : conjunction ‏ו (waw) + Qal perfect 2 m.p. of ‏אָמַר (ʾāmar) : but you say.
הִנֵּה (hinnê) : demonstrative interjection : behold.
מַתְּלָאָה (mattᵉlāʾâ) : interrogative pronoun ‏מָה (mâ) + noun ‏תְּלָאָה (tᵉlāʾâ) : what a weariness!

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:13b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְהִפַּחְתֶּם אוֹתוֹ אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת

Transliteration:

wᵉhippaḥtem ʾôtô ʾāmar YHWH ṣᵉbāʾôt

Translation (ESV):

and you snort at it, says the LORD of hosts.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְהִפַּחְתֶּם (wᵉhippaḥtem) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Hiphil perfect 2 m.p. of ‏נָפַח (nāpaḥ) : and you have undervalued (HALOT).
אוֹתוֹ (ʾôtô) : direct object marker + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : it.
אָמַר (ʾāmar) : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : says.
יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
צְבָאוֹת (ṣᵉbāʾôt) : plural of ‏צָבָא (ṣābāʾ) : who rules over all (NET).*

*The epithet "LORD who rules over all" occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Malachi (24 times total). This name (‏יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת‎, yéhvah tsévaʾot), traditionally translated “LORD of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123–57. ― (NET Note)

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:13c):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַהֲבֵאתֶם גָּזוּל וְאֶת־הַפִּסֵּחַ וְאֶת־הַחוֹלֶה וַהֲבֵאתֶם אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה

Transliteration:

wahᵃbēʾtem gāzûl wᵉʾet-happissēaḥ wᵉʾet-haḥôleh wahᵃbēʾtem ʾet-hamminḥâ

Translation (ESV):

You bring what has been taken by violence or is lame or sick, and this you bring as your offering!

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וַהֲבֵאתֶם (wahᵃbēʾtem) : conjunction ‏ו (waw) + Hiphil perfect 2 m.p. of ‏בּוֹא (bôʾ) : and you bring.
גָּזוּל (gāzûl) : Qal passive participle of ‏גָּזַל (gāzal) : what has been take by force.
וְאֶת (wᵉʾet) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + direct object marker אֶת (ʾet) : or.
הַפִּסֵּחַ (happissēaḥ) : definite article + adjective ‏פִּסֵּחַ (pisēaḥ) : the lame.
וְאֶת (wᵉʾet) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + direct object marker אֶת (ʾet) : or.
הַחוֹלֶה (haḥôleh) : definite article + Qal participle of ‏חָלָה (ḥālâ) : the sick.
וַהֲבֵאתֶם (wahᵃbēʾtem) : conjunction ‏ו (waw) + Hiphil perfect 2 m.p. of ‏בּוֹא (bôʾ) : and you bring.
אֶת (ʾet) : direct object marker.
הַמִּנְחָה (hamminḥâ) : definite article + ‏מִנְחָה (minḥâ) : the offering.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:13d):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏הַאֶרְצֶה אוֹתָהּ מִיֶּדְכֶם אָמַר יְהוָה

Transliteration:

haʾerṣeh ʾôtâh mîedkem ʾāmar YHWH

Translation (ESV):

Shall I accept that from your hand? says the LORD.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

הַאֶרְצֶה (haʾerṣeh) : interrogative ‏ה + Qal imperfect 1 c.s. of ‏רָצָה (rāṣâ) : should I accept?
אוֹתָהּ (ʾôtâh) : direct object marker ‏אֵת (ʾēt) + pronominal 3 f.s. suffix : it.
מִיֶּדְכֶם (mîedkem) : preposition ‏מִן (min) + noun ‏יָד (yād) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : from your hand.
‏‏‏אָמַר (ʾāmar) : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : said/says.
‏‏‏יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:14a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְאָרוּר נוֹכֵל וְיֵשׁ בְּעֶדְרוֹ זָכָר וְנֹדֵר וְזֹבֵחַ מָשְׁחָת לַאדֹנָי

Transliteration:

wᵉʾārûr nôkēl wᵉyēš bᵉʿedrô zākār wᵉnōdēr wᵉzōbēaḥ mošḥāt laʾdōnāy

Translation (ESV):

Cursed be the cheat who has a male in his flock, and vows it, and yet sacrifices to the Lord what is blemished.

Glossary (meanings in this context):

וְאָרוּר (wᵉʾārûr) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal passive participle of ‏ארר (ʾārar) : and cursed [be].
נוֹכֵל (nôkēl) : Qal participle of ‏נָכַל (nākal) : a deceiver.
וְיֵשׁ (wᵉyēš) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + substantive יֵשׁ (yēš) : and there is.
בְּעֶדְרוֹ (bᵉʿedrô) : preposition בְּ (bᵉ) + noun ‏עֵדֶר (ʿēder) + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : in his flock.
זָכָר (zākār) : a male.
וְנֹדֵר (wᵉnōdēr) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal participle of ‏נָדַר (nādar) : and vowing.
וְזֹבֵחַ (wᵉzōbēaḥ) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal participle of ‏‏זָבַח (zābaḥ) : and sacrificing.
מָשְׁחָת (mošḥāt) : Hophal participle of ‏שׁחת (šāḥat) : a spoiled thing.
לַאדֹנָי (laʾdōnāy) : preposition ‏לְ (lᵉ) + plural of ‏אָדוֹן (ʾādōn) + 1 c.s. suffix : to the Lord.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Malachi 1:14b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏כִּי מֶלֶךְ גָּדוֹל אָנִי אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת

Transliteration:

kî melek gādôl ʾānî ʾāmar YHWH ṣᵉbāʾôt

Translation (ESV):

For I am a great King, says the LORD of hosts

Glossary (meanings in this context):

כִּי (kî) : conjunction for.
גָּדוֹל (gādôl) : adjective : [a] great.
מֶלֶךְ (melek) : king.
אָנִי (ʾānî) : personal pronoun 1 c.s. : [am] I.
‏‏‏אָמַר (ʾāmar) : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : said/says.
‏‏‏יְהוָה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
צְבָאוֹת (ṣᵉbāʾôt) : plural of ‏צָבָא (ṣābāʾ) : who rules over all (NET).*

*The epithet "LORD who rules over all" occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Malachi (24 times total). This name (‏יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת‎, yéhvah tsévaʾot), traditionally translated “LORD of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123–57. ― (NET Note)