Proverbs

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:8a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏שְׁמַע בְּנִי מוּסַר אָבִיךָ

Transliteration:

šᵉmaʿ bᵉnî mûsar ʾābîkā

Translation (TNIV):

Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

בְּנִי (bᵉnî) : noun ‏בֵּן (bēn) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my son.
שְׁמַע (šᵉmaʿ) : Qal imperative 2 m.s. of ‏שָׁמַע (šāmaʿ) : listen to.
מוּסַר (mûsar) : construct : the instruction of.
אָבִיךָ (ʾābîkā) : noun ‏אָב (ʾāb) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your father.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

See here.

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:8b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְאַל־תִּטֹּשׁ תּוֹרַת אִמֶּךָ

Transliteration:

wᵉʾal-tiṭṭōš tôrat ʾimmekā

Translation (TNIV):

and do not forsake your mother’s teaching.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְאַל (wᵉʾal) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + negation אַל (ʾal) : and [do] not.
תִּטֹּשׁ (tiṭṭōš) : Qal imperfect 2 m.s. of ‏נָטָשׁ (nāṭāš) : forsake.
תּוֹרַת (tôrat) : construct of ‏תּוֹרָה (tōrâ) : the teaching of.
אִמֶּךָ (ʾimmekā) : noun ‏אֵם (ʾēm) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your mother.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

See here.

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:9):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏כִּי לִוְיַת חֵן הֵם לְרֹאשֶׁךָ

Transliteration:

kî liwyat ḥēn hēm lᵉrōʾšekā

Translation (TNIV):

for they are an attractive garland for your head

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

כִּי (kî) : for.
הֵם (hēm) : personal pronoun 3 m.p. : they [are].
לִוְיַת (liwyat) : construct of ‏לִוְיָה (liwyâ) : a garland of.
חֵן (ḥēn) : grace.
לְרֹאשֶׁךָ (lᵉrōʾšekā) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + noun ‏רֹאשׁ (rōʾš) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : for your head.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

See here.

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:9b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַעֲנָקִים לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶיךָ

Transliteration:

waʿᵃnāqîm lᵉgargᵉrōtêkā

Translation (TNIV):

and a chain to adorn your neck.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וַעֲנָקִים (waʿᵃnāqîm) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + plural of ‏עֲנָק (ʿᵃnāq) : and a necklace (Holladay).
לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶיךָ (lᵉgargᵉrōtêkā) : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + noun ‏גַּרְגְּרוֹת (gargᵉrôt) + pron. 2 m.s. suffix : for your neck (BDB).

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

See here.

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:10):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏בְּנִי אִם־יְפַתּוּךָ חַטָּאִים אַל־תֹּבֵא

Transliteration:

bᵉnî ʾim-yᵉpattûkā ḥaṭṭāʾîm ʾal-tōbēʾ

Translation (ESV):

My son, if sinners entice you, do not consent.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

בְּנִי (bᵉnî) : noun ‏בֵּן (bēn) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my son.
אִם (ʾim) : hypothetical particle : if.
חַטָּאִים (ḥaṭṭāʾîm) : plural of ‏חַטָּא (ḥaṭāʾ) : sinners.
יְפַתּוּךָ (yᵉpattûkā) : Piel imperfect 3 m.p. of ‏פָּתָה (pātâ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : entice you.
אַל (ʾal) : negation for request, rejection, prohibition : [do] not.
תֹּבֵא (tōbēʾ) : Qal imperfect 2 m.s. jussive of ‏אָבָה (ʾābâ) : consent.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:11a):

‏‏‏אִם־יֹאמְרוּ לְכָה אִתָּנוּ

Transliteration:

ʾim-yōʾmrû lᵉkâ ʾittānû

Translation (ESV):

If they say, "Come with us

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

אִם (ʾim) : hypothetical particle : if.
יֹאמְרוּ (yōʾmrû) : Qal imperfect 3 m.p. of ‏אָמַר (ʾāmar) : they say.
לְכָה (lᵉkâ) : Qal imperative (+ voluntative ה) of ‏הָלַךְ (hālak) : come.
אִתָּנוּ (ʾittānû) : preposition ‏אֵת (ʾēt) + pronominal 1 c.p. suffix : with us.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:11b):

‏‏‏‏נֶאֶרְבָה לְדָם

Transliteration:

neʾerbâ lᵉdām

Translation (ESV):

let us lie in wait for blood

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

נֶאֶרְבָה (neʾerbâ) : Qal imperfect 1 c.p. (+ voluntative ה) of ‏אָרַב (ʾārab) : let us lie in wait.
לְדָם (lᵉdām) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + noun דָם (dām) : for blood.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:11c):

‏‏‏‏‏נִצְפְּנָה לְנָקִי חִנָּם

Transliteration:

niṣpᵉnâ lᵉnāqî ḥinnām

Translation (ESV):

let us ambush the innocent without reason

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

נִצְפְּנָה (niṣpᵉnâ) : Qal imperfect 1 c.p. of ‏צָפַן (ṣāpan) : let us lie in wait (HALOT).
לְנָקִי (lᵉnāqî) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + noun ‏נָקִי (nāqî) : for the innocent.
חִנָּם (ḥinnām) : adverb : without cause*

*Hebrew “without cause” (so KJV, NASB); NCV “just for fun.” The term ‏חִנָּם‎ (khinnam, “without cause”) emphasizes that the planned attack is completely unwarranted.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:12a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏נִבְלָעֵם כִּשְׁאוֹל חַיִּים

Transliteration:

niblāʿēm kišʾôl ḥayyîm

Translation (NRSV):

like Sheol let us swallow them alive

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

כִּשְׁאוֹל (kišʾôl) : preposition ‏כְּ (kᵉ) + noun ‏שְׁאוֹל (šᵉʾôl) : like Sheol.
נִבְלָעֵם (niblāʿēm) : Qal imperfect 1 c.p. of ‏בָּלַע (bālaʿ) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : let us swallow them.
חַיִּים (ḥayyîm) : adjective m.p. of ‏חַי (ḥay) : alive.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:12b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וּתְמִימִים כְּיוֹרְדֵי בוֹר

Transliteration:

ûtᵉmîmîm kᵉyôrᵉdê bôr

Translation (NRSV):

and whole, like those who go down to the Pit.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וּתְמִימִים (ûtᵉmîmîm) : conjunction וּ (û) + adjective m.p. of ‏תָּמִים (tāmîm) : and whole.
כְּיוֹרְדֵי (kᵉyôrᵉdê) : preposition ‏כְּ (kᵉ) + Qal m.p. participle construct of ‏יָרַד (yārad) : like those going down.
בוֹר (bôr) : [to the] pit.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:13a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏כָּל־הוֹן יָקָר נִמְצָא

Transliteration:

kol-hôn yāqār nimṣāʾ

Translation (NET):

We will seize^* all kinds of precious wealth

^*'Hebrew “find.” The use of the verb ‏מָצָא‎ (matsaʾ, “to find”) is deliberate understatement to rhetorically down-play the heinous act of thievery'.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

כָּל (kol) : construct of ‏כֹּל (kōl) : all [kinds of] .
יָקָר (yāqār) : adjective : precious.
הוֹן (hôn) : wealth.
נִמְצָא (nimṣāʾ) : Qal imperfect 1 c.p. of ‏מָצָא (māṣāʾ) : we will find.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:13b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏נְמַלֵּא בָתֵּינוּ שָׁלָל

Transliteration:

nᵉmallēʾ bāttênû šālāl

Translation (ESV):

we shall fill our houses with plunder

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

נְמַלֵּא (nᵉmallēʾ) : Piel imperfect 1 c.p. of ‏מָלֵא (mālēʾ) : we will fill.
‏בָתֵּינוּ (bāttênû) : plural of ‏‏בַּיִת (bayit) + pronominal 1 c.p. suffix : our houses.
‏שָׁלָל (šālāl) : [with] booty.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:14):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏גּוֹרָלְךָ תַּפִּיל בְּתוֹכֵנוּ כִּיס אֶחָד יִהְיֶה לְכֻלָּנוּ

Transliteration:

gôrālᵉkā tappîl bᵉtôkēnû kîs ʾeḥād yihyeh lᵉkullānû

Translation (NRSV):

Throw in your lot among us; we will all have one purse” —

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

תַּפִּיל (tappîl) : Hiphil imperfect 2 m.s. of ‏נָפַל (nāpal) : throw in.
גּוֹרָלְךָ (gôrālᵉkā) : noun ‏גּוֹרָל (gōrāl) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your lot.
בְּתוֹכֵנוּ (bᵉtôkēnû) : preposition בְּ (bᵉ) + noun ‏תָוֶךְ (tāwek) + pronominal 1 c.p. suffix : among us.
אֶחָד (ʾeḥād) : numeral : one.
כִּיס (kîs) : purse.
יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) : Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of ‏הָיָה (hāyâ) : will be.
לְכֻלָּנוּ (lᵉkullānû) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + noun ‏כֹּל (kōl) + pronominal 1 c.p. suffix : to all of us.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:15a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏בְּנִי אַל־תֵּלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ אִתָּם

Transliteration:

bᵉnî ʾal-tēlēk bᵉderek ʾittām

Translation (TNIV):

my son, do not go along with them

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

בְּנִי (bᵉnî) : noun ‏בֵּן (bēn) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my son.
אַל (ʾal) : negation for request, rejection, prohibition : [do] not.
תֵּלֵךְ (tēlēk) : Qal imperfect 2 m.s. of ‏הָלַךְ (hālak) : go.
בְּדֶרֶךְ (bᵉderek) : preposition בְּ (bᵉ) + noun דֶרֶךְ (derek) : on the way.
אִתָּם (ʾittām) : preposition ‏אֵת (ʾēt) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : with them.

[John Reece]

Abbreviations:

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BHS Text (Proverbs 1:15b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏מְנַע רַגְלְךָ מִנְּתִיבָתָם

Transliteration:

mᵉnaʿ raglᵉkā minnᵉtîbātām

Translation (TNIV):

do not set foot on their paths

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

מְנַע (mᵉnaʿ) : Qal imperative of ‏מָנַע (mānaʿ) : hold back.
רַגְלְךָ (raglᵉkā) : noun ‏רֶגֶל (regel) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your foot.
מִנְּתִיבָתָם (minnᵉtîbātām) : prep. ‏מִן (min) + plural of ‏נְתִיבָה (nᵉtîbâ) + pron. 3 m.p. suffix : from their paths.