Proverbs

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:23c):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏אוֹדִיעָה דְבָרַי אֶתְכֶם

Transliteration:

ʾôdîʿâ dᵉbāray ʾetkem

Translation (ESV):

I will make my words known to you.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

אוֹדִיעָה (ʾôdîʿâ) : Hiphil imperfect 1 c.s. of ‏יָדַע (yādaʿ) + directional ‏ה : I will make known.
אֶתְכֶם (ʾetkem) : direct object marker + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : to you.
דְבָרַי (dᵉbāray) : plural of ‏דָּבָר (dābār) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my words.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:24a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏יַעַן קָרָאתִי וַתְּמָאֵנוּ

Transliteration:

yaʿan qārāʾtî wattᵉmāʾēnû

Translation (Waltke):

[But] since I cry out¹ and you refuse² [to listen].³

¹An instantaneous perfective (IBHS, page 488 §30.5.1d).
²With a waw-consecutive, the short prefix conjugation has the same tense value as the preceding perfective (IBHS, page 555, §33.31b).
³Pace NIV and JB, "rejected me." A verb is usually used with the infinitive "to obey" and the like and never used with a personal direct object.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

יַעַן (yaʿan) : conjunction : since.
קָרָאתִי (qārāʾtî) : I cry out.¹
וַתְּמָאֵנוּ (wattᵉmāʾēnû) : consec. ‏ו (waw) + Piel imperfect 2 m.p. of ‏מָאֵן (māʾēn) : and you refuse² (to listen).*

*To listen is inserted from the parallel that completes the verbal notion (Waltke).

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:24b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏נָטִיתִי יָדִי וְאֵין מַקְשִׁיב

Transliteration:

nāṭîtî yādî wᵉʾên maqšîb

Translation (Waltke):

and when I stretch out my hand, none gives heed

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

נָטִיתִי (nāṭîtî) : Qal perfect 1 c.s. of ‏נָטָה (nāṭâ) : I stretch out.
יָדִי (yādî) : noun ‏יָד (yād) + pronominal 1 c.s suffix : my hand.
וְאֵין (wᵉʾên) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + negation אֵין (ʾên) : but none.
מַקְשִׁיב (maqšîb) : Hiphil participle of ‏קָשַׁב (qāšab) : gives heed.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:25a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וַתִּפְרְעוּ כָל־עֲצָתִי

Transliteration:

wattiprᵉʿû kol-ʿᵃṣātî

Translation (Waltke):

you flout all my counsel

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וַתִּפְרְעוּ (wattiprᵉʿû) : consecutive ‏ו (waw) + Qal imperfect 2 m.p. of ‏פָּרַע (pāraʿ) : you disregard.
כָל (kol) : construct of ‏כֹּל (kōl) : all.
עֲצָתִי (ʿᵃṣātî) : noun ‏עֵצָה (ʿēṣâ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my counsel.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:25b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְתוֹכַחְתִּי לֹא אֲבִיתֶם

Transliteration:

wᵉtôkaḥtî lōʾ ʾᵃbîtem

Translation (Waltke):

and to my rebuke you do not consent

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְתוֹכַחְתִּי (wᵉtôkaḥtî) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + noun ‏תּוֹכַחַת (tōkaḥat) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : and my reproof.
לֹא (lōʾ) : factual, stated negation: not.
אֲבִיתֶם (ʾᵃbîtem) : Qal perfect 2 m.p. of ‏אָבָה (ʾābâ) : you accept (Holladay).

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:26a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏גַּם־אֲנִי בְּאֵידְכֶם אֶשְׂחָק

Transliteration:

gam-ʾᵃnî bᵉʾêdkem ʾeśḥāq

Translation (Waltke):

I¹ in turn will laugh when your disaster² happens.³

¹The pronoun expresses emphatic self-assertion (IBHS, page 296 §16.3.2e).
²This is preferable to "at your disaster" found in most English versions because "to laugh at" is normally expressed by śāḥaq + lᵉ, ‏ʿal, not bᵉ as here (= in your disaster").
³Literally, "in your disaster."

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

גַּם (gam) : in turn
אֲנִי (ʾᵃnî) : emphatic personal pronoun 1 c.s. : I.
אֶשְׂחָק (ʾeśḥāq) : Qal imperfect 1 c.s. of ‏שָׂחַק (śāḥaq) : will laugh.
בְּאֵידְכֶם (bᵉʾêdkem) : preposition בְּ (bᵉ) + noun ‏אֵיד (ʾêd) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : in your disaster.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:26b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏אֶלְעַג בְּבֹא פַחְדְּכֶם

Transliteration:

ʾelʿag bᵉbōʾ paḥdᵉkem

Translation (Waltke):

I will scoff when your calamity comes ―

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

אֶלְעַג (gam) : Qal imperfect 1 c.s. of ‏לָעַג (lāʿag) : I will scoff.
בְּבֹא (bᵉbōʾ) : preposition בְּ (bᵉʾ) + Qal infinitive construct of ‏בּוֹא (bôʾ) : when ... comes.
‏פַחְדְּכֶם (paḥdᵉkem) : noun ‏פַחְדְּכֶם (paḥdᵉkem) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : your calamity.*

*Delitzsch: ‏פַחְדְּכֶם is not that for which they are in terror, ― for those who are addressed are in the condition of carnal security, ― but that which, in the midst of this, will frighten and alarm them.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:27a):

‏בְּבֹא כְשַׁאֲוָה [כְ][שׁוֹאָה] פַּחְדְּכֶם

Transliteration:

bᵉbōʾ kᵉšaʾᵃwâ [k][šôʾā] paḥdᵉkem

Translation (Waltke):

when your calamity comes like a storm*

*Qere kšwʾh fits a known Hebrew nominal pattern; Kethib kšʾeh was caused by the common scribal error of metathesis.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

בְּבֹא (bᵉbōʾ) : preposition בְּ (bᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct of ‏בּוֹא (bôʾ) : when ... comes.
פַּחְדְּכֶם (paḥdᵉkem) : noun ‏פַּחַד (paḥad) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : your calamity.
כְשׁוֹאָה (kᵉšôʾā) : preposition כְ (kᵉ) + noun שׁוֹאָה (šôʾā) : like a storm.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:27b):

‏‏וְאֵידְכֶם כְּסוּפָה יֶאֱתֶה

Transliteration:

wᵉʾêdkem kᵉsûpâ yeʾᵉteh

Translation (Waltke):

and like a whirlwind your disaster arrives

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְאֵידְכֶם (wᵉʾêdkem) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + noun ‏אֵיד (ʾêd) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : and your disaster.
כְּסוּפָה (kᵉsûpâ) : preposition כְּ (kᵉ) + noun ‏סוּפָה (sûpâ) : like a windstorm.
יֶאֱתֶה (yeʾᵉteh) : Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of ‏אָתָה (ʾātâ) : arrives.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:27c):

‏‏‏בְּבֹא עֲלֵיכֶם צָרָה וְצוּקָה

Transliteration:

bᵉbōʾ ʿᵃlêkem ṣārâ wᵉṣûqâ

Translation (Waltke):

when distress and anguish comes upon you.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

בְּבֹא (bᵉbōʾ) : preposition בְּ (bᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct of ‏בּוֹא (bôʾ) : when ... comes.
עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿᵃlêkem) : preposition ‏עַל (ʿal) + pronominal 2 m.p. suffix : upon you.
צָרָה (ṣārâ) : distress.
וְצוּקָה (wᵉṣûqâ) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + noun ‏צוּקָה (ṣûqâ) : and anguish.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:28a):

‏‏‏‏אָז יִקְרָאֻנְנִי וְלֹא אֶעֱנֶה

Transliteration:

ʾāz yiqrāʾunᵉnî wᵉlōʾ ʾeʿᵉneh

Translation (ESV):

Then they will call upon me, but I will not answer

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

אָז (ʾāz) : adverb : then.
יִקְרָאֻנְנִי (yiqrāʾunᵉnî) : Qal imperfect 3 m.p. of ‏קָרָא (qārāʾ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : they will call out to me (Waltke).
וְלֹא (wᵉlōʾ) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + negation לֹא (lōʾ) : but not.
אֶעֱנֶה (ʾeʿᵉneh) : Qal imperfect 1 c.s. of ‏עָנָה (ʿānâ) : I will answer.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:28b):

‏‏‏‏‏יְשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי וְלֹא יִמְצָאֻנְנִי

Transliteration:

yᵉšaḥᵃrunᵉnî wᵉlōʾ yimṣāʾunᵉnî

Translation (ESV):

they will seek me diligently but will not find me.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

יְשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי (yᵉšaḥᵃrunᵉnî) : Piel imperfect 3 m.p. of ‏שָׁחַר (šāḥar) : they will seek me diligently.
וְלֹא (wᵉlōʾ) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + negation לֹא (lōʾ) : but not.
יִמְצָאֻנְנִי (yimṣāʾunᵉnî) : Qal imperfect 3 c.p. of ‏מָצָא (māṣāʾ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : they will find me.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:29a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏תַּחַת כִּי־שָׂנְאוּ דָעַת

Transliteration:

taḥat kî-śānᵉʾû dāʿat

Translation (ESV):

Because they hated knowledge

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

‏תַּחַת כִּי (taḥat kî) : "rare compound phrase because" (Waltke).
‏שָׂנְאוּ (śānᵉʾû) : Qal perfect 3 c.p. of ‏‏שָׂנֵא (śānēʾ) : they hated.
‏דָעַת (dāʿat) : pausal vocalization of ‏‏דַּעַת (daʿat) : knowledge.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:29b):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏וְיִרְאַת יְהוָֹה לֹא בָחָרוּ

Transliteration:

wᵉyirʾat YHWH lōʾ bāḥārû

Translation (ESV):

and did not choose the fear of the LORD

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

‏וְיִרְאַת (wᵉyirʾat) : conjunction ‏וְ (wᵉ) + construct of ‏‏יָרֵא (yārēʾ) : and the fear of.
‏יְהוָֹה (YHWH) : proper name : Yahweh/the LORD.
‏‏לֹא (lōʾ) : negation : not.
‏‏בָחָרוּ (bāḥārû) : Qal perfect 3 c.p. pausal of ‏‏‏בָּחַר (bāḥar) : they chose.

[John Reece]

BHS Text (Proverbs 1:30a):

‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏לֹא־אָבוּ לַעֲצָתִי

Transliteration:

lōʾ-ʾābû laʿᵃṣātî

Translation (NET):

they did not comply with my advice

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

‏לֹא (lōʾ) : factual, stated negation: not.
‏אָבוּ (ʾābû) : Qal perfect 3 c.p. of ‏‏אָבָה (ʾābâ) : they consented.
‏לַעֲצָתִי (laʿᵃṣātî) : preposition ‏‏לְ (lᵉ) + noun ‏‏עֵצָה (ʿēṣâ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : to my advice.