Ephesians

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:4-5):

⁴ὁ δὲ θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει, διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς, ⁵καὶ ὄντας ἡμᾶς νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν συνεζωοποίησεν τῷ Χριστῷ ― χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι ―

Transliteration:

⁴ho de theos plousios ōn en eleei, dia tēn pollēn agapēn autou hēn ēgapēsen hēmas, ⁵kai ontas hēmas nekrous tois paraptōmasin synezōopoiēsen tō̧ Christō̧ ― chariti este sesō̧smenoi ―

Translation (ESV)

⁴But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, ⁵even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ ― by grace you have been saved ―

Analysis (Zerwick):

πλούσιος : rich.
ὢν : participle of εἰμί be.
ἔλεος : mercy.
ἣν : internal cognate accusative : the love (with) which he loved.
ἠγάπησεν : aorist of ἀγαπάω love.
παράπτωμα : transgression.
συνεζωοποίησεν : aorist of συζωοποιέω (τινά τινι) make (one) alive with (another).
χάριτι : instrumental dative, without article emphasizes the manner in which salvation is given, i.e. freely.
σεσῳσμένοι : perfect passive participle of σῴζω, with εἰμί forming periphrastic passive participle.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:6):

καὶ συνήγειρεν καὶ συνεκάθισεν ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ

Transliteration:

kai synēgeiren kai synekathisen en tois epouraniois en Christō̧ Iēsou

Translation (ESV)

and raised us up with him and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus

Analysis (Zerwick):

συνήγειρεν : aorist of συνεγείρω (τινά τινι) raise together (one) with (another)
συνεκάθισεν : aorist of συγκαθίζω make (one) sit with (another).
ἐπουράνιος : verse 3.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:7):

ἵνα ἐνδείξηται ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις τὸ ὑπερβάλλον πλοῦτος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ ἐν χρηστότητι ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ.

Transliteration:

hina endeixētai en tois aiōsin tois eperchomenois to hyperballon ploutos tēs charitos autou en chrēstotēti eph’ hēmas en Christō̧ Iēsou.

Translation (ESV)

so that in the coming ages he might show the immeasurable riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐνδείξηται : aorist middle subjunctive of ἐνδείκνυμι (in NT middle only) show, prove.
ἐπερχομένοις : participle of ἐπέρχομαι come upon ; come on, ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις in the ages to come.
ὑπερβάλλον : neuter participle of ὑπερβάλλω exceed, surpass.
πλοῦτος : wealth.
χρηστότης : goodness in sense of kindness.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:8):

Τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως

Transliteration:

Tȩ̄ gar chariti este sesō̧smenoi dia pisteōs

Translation (ESV)

For by grace you have been saved through faith.

Analysis (Zerwick):

τῇ χάριτι : article denotes the work of redemption (done freely), cf. verse 5.
ἐστε σεσῳσμένο : verse 5.
δῶρον : gift.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:8a):

Τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως

Transliteration:

Tȩ̄ gar chariti este sesō̧smenoi dia pisteōs

Translation (ESV)

For by grace you have been saved through faith.

Analysis (Zerwick):

τῇ χάριτι : article denotes the work of redemption (done freely), cf. verse 5.
ἐστε σεσῳσμένο : verse 5.
δῶρον : gift.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:8b):

καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐξ ὑμῶν, θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον

Transliteration:

kai touto ouk ex hymōn, theou to dōron

Translation (ESV)

And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God

Analysis (Zerwick):

δῶρον : gift.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:9):

οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται.

Transliteration:

ouk ex ergōn, hina mē tis kauchēsētai.

Translation (ESV)

not a result of works, so that no one may boast.

Analysis (Zerwick):

καυχήσηται : aorist subjunctive of καυχάομαι boast.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:10):

αὐτοῦ γάρ ἐσμεν ποίημα, κτισθέντες ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ἐπὶ ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς οἷς προητοίμασεν ὁ θεὸς, ἵνα ἐν αὐτοῖς περιπατήσωμεν.

Transliteration:

autou gar esmen poiēma, ktisthentes en Christō̧ Iēsou epi ergois agathois hois proētoimasen ho theos, hina en autois peripatēsōmen.

Translation (ESV)

For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them.

Analysis (Zerwick):

αὐτοῦ : in emphatic position his
ποίημα : something made, a piece of handiwork, a creature.
κτισθέντες : aorist passive participle of κτίζω create.
ἐπί : with dative sometimes denotes purpose, for.
οἷς : attracted from ἅ.*
προητοίμασεν : aorist of προετοιμάζω prepare beforehand.
περιπατήσωμεν : aorist subjunctive of περιπατέω (in ethical sense) live.

*BG: The attraction of the relative pronoun into the case of its antecedent is regular in Hellenistic and Biblical Greek, as it was in classical Greek.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:11):

Διὸ μνημονεύετε ὅτι ποτὲ ὑμεῖς τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί, οἱ λεγόμενοι ἀκροβυστία ὑπὸ τῆς λεγομένης περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου

Transliteration:

Dio mnēmoneuete hoti pote hymeis ta ethnē en sarki, hoi legomenoi akrobystia hypo tēs legomenēs peritomēs en sarki cheiropoiētou

Translation (ESV)

Therefore remember that at one time you Gentiles in the flesh, called "the uncircumcision" by what is called the circumcision, which is made in the flesh by hands ―

Analysis (Zerwick):

διό : therefore.
τὰ ἔθνη : in apposition to ὑμεῖς.
ἐν σαρκί : physically.
λεγόμενοι : passive participle of λέγω call.
ἀκροβυστία : uncircumcision, concrete, standing for persons in that state.
περιτομή : circumcision, concrete, standing for persons in that state.
χειροποίητος : wrought/made by the hands of men ; referring to περιτομή.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:12):

ὅτι ἦτε τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ χωρὶς Χριστοῦ, ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς πολιτείας τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, ἐλπίδα μὴ ἔχοντες καὶ ἄθεοι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ.

Transliteration:

hoti ēte tō̧ kairō̧ ekeinō̧ chōris Christou, apēllotriōmenoi tēs politeias tou Israēl kai xenoi tōn diathēkōn tēs epaggelias, elpida mē echontes kai atheoi en tō̧ kosmō̧.

Translation (ESV)

― remember that you were at that time separated from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἦτε : imperfect of εἰμί be.
χωρίς : (with genitive) without, apart from.
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι : perfect passive participle of ἀπαλλοτριόω (τινά τινος) estrange/alienate (one from something).
πολιτεία : polity, a society (genitive of separation).
ξένος : foreign, strange, ξένος τινός : a stranger to.
διαθήκη : covenant 2 Cor 3:6.
ἐπαγγελία : promise, αἱ διαθῆκαι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας signifying the covenants with their promise.
ἐλπίς, -ίδος, ἡ : hope.
ἔχοντες : participle of ἔχω have,
ἄθεος : without God.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:13):

νυνὶ δὲ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ὑμεῖς οἵ ποτε ὄντες μακρὰν ἐγενήθητε ἐγγὺς ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ.

Transliteration:

nyni de en Christō̧ Iēsou hymeis hoi pote ontes makran egenēthēte eggys en tō̧ haimati tou Christou.

Translation (ESV)

But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ.

Analysis (Zerwick):

νυνὶ δέ : but now.
ὄντες : participle of εἰμί be.
μακράν : (sc. ὁδόν) adverb far away sc. from God, οἱ μακρά the gentiles.
ἐγενήθητε : aorist passive of γίνομαι.
ἐγγύς : near.
ἐν : instrumental.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:14):

Αὐτὸς γάρ ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν, ὁ ποιήσας τὰ ἀμφότερα ἓν καὶ τὸ μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ λύσας, τὴν ἔχθραν ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ αὐτοῦ

Transliteration:

Autos gar estin hē eirēnē hēmōn, ho poiēsas ta amphotera hen kai to mesotoichon tou phragmou lysas, tēn echthran en tȩ̄ sarki autou

Translation (ESV)

For he himself is our peace, who has made us both one and has broken down in his flesh the dividing wall of hostility

Analysis (Zerwick):

αὐτός : intensive marker, setting an item off from everything else through emphasis and contrast : [he] [him]self.
ποιήσας : aorist participle of ποιέω make.
τὰ ἀμφότερα : both.
ἐν : (neuter) one (thing).
μεσότοιχον : (μέσον middle + τοῖχος wall) dividing-wall, probably the wall dividing Jews from gentiles in the Temple.
φραγμός : hedge ; partition.
λύσας : aorist participle of λύω loosen ; destroy.
ἔχθρα : enmity.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:15):

τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν καταργήσας, ἵνα τοὺς δύο κτίσῃ ἐν αὐτῷ εἰς ἕνα καινὸν ἄνθρωπον ποιῶν εἰρήνην

Transliteration:

ton nomon tōn entolōn en dogmasin katargēsas, hina tous dyo ktisȩ̄ en autō̧ eis hena kainon anthrōpon poiōn eirēnēn

Translation (ESV)

by abolishing the law of commandments expressed in ordinances, that he might create in himself one new man in place of the two, so making peace

Analysis (Zerwick):

δόγμα : decree, ἐν δόγμασιν expressed in/consisting of decrees, cf. 1 Cor 4:20 (ἐν λόγῳ).
καταργήσας : aorist participle of καταργέω annul Gal 3:17.
κτίσῃ : aorist subjunctive of κτίζω create verse 10.
αὐτῷ : for reflexive.
καινός : fresh, new.
ποιῶν : participle of ποιέω make.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:16):

καὶ ἀποκαταλλάξῃ τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι τῷ θεῷ διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ, ἀποκτείνας τὴν ἔχθραν ἐν αὐτῷ.

Transliteration:

kai apokatallaxȩ̄ tous amphoterous en heni sōmati tō̧ theō̧ dia tou staurou, apokteinas tēn echthran en autō̧.

Translation (ESV)

and might reconcile us both to God in one body through the cross, thereby killing the hostility.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἀποκαταλλάξῃ : aorist subjunctive of ἀποκαταλλάσσω reconcile.
σταυρός : cross.
ἀποκτείνας : aorist participle of ἀποκτείνω kill.
ἐν αὐτῷ : ?for reflexive by himself or ?by it (the cross), grammatically either translation is possible.*

*BG §211: Since then αὐτοῦ is to be found with reflexive sense, ambiguity may sometimes arise. Thus Ephesians 2:16 has "... to reconcile both in the one body to God διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ, ἀποκτείνας τὴν ἔχθραν ἐν αὐτῷ, where ἐν αὐτῷ can mean "in Himself" (so the Vulgate, and such was the sense previously in the same chapter, verse 5), or it can refer to the cross; cf. Also Colossians 1:20; 1 John 5:10; James 5:20.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:17):

καὶ ἐλθὼν εὐηγγελίσατο εἰρήνην ὑμῖν τοῖς μακρὰν καὶ εἰρήνην τοῖς ἐγγύς

Transliteration:

kai elthōn euēggelisato eirēnēn hymin tois makran kai eirēnēn tois eggys

Translation (ESV)

And he came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐλθών : aorist participle of ἔρχομαι come.
εὐηγγελίσατο : aorist of εὐαγγελίζω bring good news, preach.
μακράν : far (away) verse 13.
ἐγγύς : near.