Ephesians

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:18):

ὅτι δι᾿ αὐτοῦ ἔχομεν τὴν προσαγωγὴν οἱ ἀμφότεροι ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα

Transliteration:

hoti di’ autou echomen tēn prosagōgēn hoi amphoteroi en heni pneumati pros ton patera

Translation (ESV)

For through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father.

Analysis (Zerwick):

προσαγωγή : access.
ἔχομεν ... οἱ ἀμφότεροι : we both have.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:19):

Ἄρα οὖν οὐκέτι ἐστὲ ξένοι καὶ πάροικοι ἀλλὰ ἐστὲ συμπολῖται τῶν ἁγίων καὶ οἰκεῖοι τοῦ θεοῦ

Transliteration:

Ara oun ouketi este xenoi kai paroikoi alla este sympolitai tōn hagiōn kai oikeioi tou theou

Translation (ESV)

So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἄρα οὖν : so then.
οὐκέτι : no longer.
ξένος : foreign, strange.
πάροικος : originally a neighbor ; later one from elsewhere, stranger.
συμπολίτης : fellow citizen.
ἅγιος : saint because dedicated to God ; title of all believers.
οἰκεῖος : member of the household.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:20):

ἐποικοδομηθέντες ἐπὶ τῷ θεμελίῳ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ προφητῶν, ὄντος ἀκρογωνιαίου αὐτοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ

Transliteration:

epoikodomēthentes epi tō̧ themeliō̧ tōn apostolōn kai prophētōn, ontos akrogōniaiou autou Christou Iēsou

Translation (ESV)

built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐποικοδομηθέντες : aorist passive participle of ἐποικοδομέω build on.
θεμέλιος : foundation.
τῶν ἀποστόλων : [of the apostles] epexegetic genitive* ; τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ προφητῶν [of the apostles and prophets] under one article and thereby closely associated, so perhaps of prophets in the church as in 3:5.
ὄντος : genitive absolute of εἰμί be.
ἀκρογωνιαίου : adjective corner ― sc. λίθος stone ― corner-stone which insures stability to a building ; others would translate keystone symbolizing the completion of the building begun with θεμέλιος, thus introducing an eschatological element.

*BG §45: Epexegetic genitive. From an exegetical point of view, especial attention is to be paid to the "epexegetic" genitive of apposition (i.e. in which the substantive added to the genitive is in reality an apposition denoting the same person or thing as the substantive to which the genitive is attached, as in the English usage "city of Rome", with which contrast the Latin urbs Roma) for it is comparatively rare, and is not always immediately recognized as such, whence there may arise apparent difficulties of interpretation.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:21):

ἐν ᾧ πᾶσα οἰκοδομὴ συναρμολογουμένη αὔξει εἰς ναὸν ἅγιον ἐν κυρίῳ

Transliteration:

en hō̧ pasa oikodomē synarmologoumenē auxei eis naon hagion en kyriō̧

Translation (ESV)

in whom the whole structure, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord.

Analysis (Zerwick):

οἰκοδομή : building, πᾶσα οἰκοδομή the whole building despite absence of article.
συναρμολογουμένη : (< from ἁρμός a joint) participle of συναρμολογέω fit together parts of a building.
αὔξει : form of αὐξάνω grow.
ναός : temple, sanctuary.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 2:22):

ἐν ᾧ καὶ ὑμεῖς συνοικοδομεῖσθε εἰς κατοικητήριον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν πνεύματι

Transliteration:

en ō̧h kai hymeis synoikodomeisthe eis katoikētērion tou theou en pneumati.

Translation (ESV)

In him you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God by the Spirit.

Analysis (Zerwick):

συνοικοδομεῖσθε : passive of συνοικοδομέω build one thing with another, build together, understand "with us Jews".
κατοικητήριον : dwelling.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:1):

Τούτου χάριν ἐγὼ Παῦλος ὁ δέσμιος τοῦ Χριστοῦ [Ἰησοῦ] ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν τῶν ἐθνῶν

Transliteration (Accordance):

Toutou charin egō Paulos ho desmios tou Christou [Iēsou] hyper hymōn tōn ethnōn

Translation (ESV)

For this reason I, Paul, a prisoner for Christ Jesus on behalf of you Gentiles

Analysis (Zerwick):

χάριν : (with genitive) because of ; or for the sake of.
δέσμιος : (< δέω bind) prisoner.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:2):

― εἴ γε ἠκούσατε τὴν οἰκονομίαν τῆς χάριτος τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς δοθείσης μοι εἰς ὑμᾶς

Transliteration (Accordance):

― ei ge ēkousate tēn oikonomian tēs charitos tou theou tēs dotheisēs moi eis hymas

Translation (ESV)

assuming that you have heard of the stewardship of God's grace that was given to me for you

Analysis (Zerwick):

εἴ γε : if, as I suppose ; surely.
ἠκούσατε : aorist of ἀκούω hear of.
οἰκονομία : administration.
δοθείσης : aorist passive participle of δίδωμι give.
εἰς : indicating aim or end, for you.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:3):

[ὅτι] κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν ἐγνωρίσθη μοι τὸ μυστήριον, καθὼς προέγραψα ἐν ὀλίγῳ

Transliteration (Accordance):

[hoti] kata apokalypsin egnōristhē moi to mystērion, kathōs proegrapsa en oligō̧

Translation (ESV)

how the mystery was made known to me by revelation, as I have written briefly.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ὅτι : (if it is to be read) namely that.
ἀποκάλυψις : revelation, κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν by revelation.
ἐγνωρίσθη : aorist passive of γνωρίζω make known.
μυστήριον : (from μυέω initiate) secret mystery of the divine plan.
προέγραψα : I mentioned above, aorist of προγράφω write earlier (on).
ὀλίγος : small, ἐν ὀλίγῳ briefly.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:4):

πρὸς ὃ δύνασθε ἀναγινώσκοντες νοῆσαι τὴν σύνεσίν μου ἐν τῷ μυστηρίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ

Transliteration (Accordance):

pros ho dynasthe anaginōskontes noēsai tēn synesin mou en tō̧ mystēriō̧ tou Christou

Translation (ESV)

When you read this, you can perceive my insight into the mystery of Christ

Analysis (Zerwick):

πρὸς ὅ : in accordance with which, in the light of which.
ἀναγινώσκοντες : as you read, participle of ἀναγινώσκω read;
νοῆσαι : aorist infinitive of νοέω understand, aorist perceive, appreciate.
σύνεσις : (< συνίημι understand) understanding, insight.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:5):

ὃ ἑτέραις γενεαῖς οὐκ ἐγνωρίσθη τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὡς νῦν ἀπεκαλύφθη τοῖς ἁγίοις ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ καὶ προφήταις ἐν πνεύματι

Transliteration (Accordance):

ho heterais geneais ouk egnōristhē tois huiois tōn anthrōpōn hōs nyn apekalyphthē tois hagiois apostolois autou kai prophētais en pneumati

Translation (ESV)

which was not made known to the sons of men in other generations as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἕτερος for : ἄλλος other.
γενεαῖς : generations, dative of time.
ἀπεκαλύφθη : aorist passive of ἀποκαλύπτω reveal.
προφήταις : prophets (in the church 2:20).

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:6):

εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη συγκληρονόμα καὶ σύσσωμα καὶ συμμέτοχα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου

Transliteration (Accordance):

einai ta ethnē sygklēronoma kai syssōma kai symmetocha tēs epaggelias en Christō̧ Iēsou dia tou euaggeliou

Translation (ESV)

This mystery is that the Gentiles are fellow heirs, members of the same body, and partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel.

Analysis (Zerwick):

εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη κτλ : "that the gentiles are co-heirs" etc. being the content of the revelation.
συγκληρονόμος : inheriting with, usually as noun co-heirs.
σύσσωμος : one body with.
συμμέτοχος : fellow-sharer.
ἐπαγγελία : promise.

[John Reece]

Prior post edited to add Exegesis.

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:6):

εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη συγκληρονόμα καὶ σύσσωμα καὶ συμμέτοχα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου

Transliteration (Accordance):

einai ta ethnē sygklēronoma kai syssōma kai symmetocha tēs epaggelias en Christō̧ Iēsou dia tou euaggeliou

Translation (ESV)

This mystery is that the Gentiles are fellow heirs, members of the same body, and partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel.

Analysis (Zerwick):

εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη κτλ : "that the gentiles are co-heirs" etc. being the content of the revelation.
συγκληρονόμος : inheriting with, usually as noun co-heirs.
σύσσωμος : one body with.
συμμέτοχος : fellow-sharer.
ἐπαγγελία : promise.

Exegesis (Abbott):

εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη συγκληρονόμα καὶ σύσσωμα ... (namely) "that the Gentiles are fellow-heirs (or joint possessors) and fellow-members of the body." Epexegetical; stating, not the purpose, but the content of the μυστήριον. The "should be" of AV is not grammatically tenable. συγκληρονόμα, fellow-heirs, not with Christ, as in Rom. 8:17 (and Jerome here), for it is "in Christ," but with the believing Jews. The word συγκληρονόμος is found four times in the NT and once in Philo but not elsewhere. σύσσωμος, incorporated with them into the body of which Christ is the Head.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:7):

οὗ ἐγενήθην διάκονος κατὰ τὴν δωρεὰν τῆς χάριτος τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς δοθείσης μοι κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ.

Transliteration (Accordance):

hou egenēthēn diakonos kata tēn dōrean tēs charitos tou theou tēs dotheisēs moi kata tēn energeian tēs dynameōs autou.

Translation (ESV)

Of this gospel I was made a minister according to the gift of God's grace, which was given me by the working of his power.

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐγενήθην : either aorist passive of γίνομαι I was made or aorist deponent (= ἐγενόμην) I became.
διάκονος : a minister.
κατά : verse 3 (κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν).
δωρεά : free gift.
δοθείσης : aorist passive participle of δίδωμι give.
ἐνέργεια : working, activity.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:8):

Ἐμοὶ τῷ ἐλαχιστοτέρῳ πάντων ἁγίων ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις αὕτη, τοῖς ἔθνεσιν εὐαγγελίσασθαι τὸ ἀνεξιχνίαστον πλοῦτος τοῦ Χριστοῦ

Transliteration (Accordance):

Emoi tō̧ elachistoterō̧ pantōn hagiōn edothē hē charis hautē, tois ethnesin euaggelisasthai to anexichniaston ploutos tou Christou

Translation (ESV)

To me, though I am the very least of all the saints, this grace was given, to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ

Analysis (Zerwick):

ἐλαχιστότερος : comparative of the superlative ἐλάχιστος ! designed to express less than the least, cf 1 Cor 15:9.
ἐδόθη : aorist passive of δίδωμι give.
εὐαγγελίσασθαι : aorist infinitive 2:17.
ἀνεξιχνίαστον : (ἀν + ἐξ out + ἴχνος footprint, trace) untraceable, fathomless.
πλοῦτος : wealth, riches.

[John Reece]

NA27 Text (Ephesians 3:9):

καὶ φωτίσαι [πάντας] τίς ἡ οἰκονομία τοῦ μυστηρίου τοῦ ἀποκεκρυμμένου ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων ἐν τῷ θεῷ τῷ τὰ πάντα κτίσαντι

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai phōtisai [pantas] tis hē oikonomia tou mystēriou tou apokekrymmenou apo tōn aiōnōn en tō̧ theō̧ tō̧ ta panta ktisanti

Translation (ESV)

and to bring to light for everyone what is the plan of the mystery hidden for ages in God who created all things,

Analysis (Zerwick):

καί : epexegetical that is to say.
φωτίσαι : aorist infinitive of φωτίζω bring to light, elucidate ; reading πάντας enlighten.
τίς : as indirect interrogative.
οἰκονομία : verse 2.
μυστήριον : verse 3.
ἀποκεκρυμμένον : perfect passive participle of ἀποκρύπτω hide (away).
κτίσαντι : aorist participle of κτίζω create.