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This is where we come to delve into the biblical text. Theology is not our foremost thought, but we realize it is something that will be dealt with in nearly every conversation. Feel free to use the original languages to make your point (meaning Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic). This is an exegetical discussion area, so please limit topics to purely biblical ones.

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Proverbs

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  • Proverbs 9:13a

    Text (BHS):
    אֵ֣שֶׁת כְּ֭סִילוּת הֹֽמִיָּ֑ה

    Transliteration (Accordance):
    ʾēšeṯ kᵉsı̂lûṯ hōmı̂ā


    Translation (Waltke):
    The woman* Folly** is turbulent.
    *Fichtner (BHS) thinks that ʾšṯ is due to dittography from the preceding ṯšʾ, but the reversal of consonants seems deliberate, not an exceptional accident.
    **The genitive is probably attributive in a conventional Hebrew idiom (IBHS, p. 149, P. 9.5.3b)

    Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
    אֵשֶׁת (ʾēšeṯ) : construct of אִשָּׁה (ʾiššā) : [the] woman.
    כְּ֭סִילוּת (kᵉsı̂lûṯ) : Stupidity [in antithesis with חָכְמוֹת the Supreme Wisdom personified as a woman (BDB)].
    הֹֽמִיָּ֑ה (hōmı̂ā) : unruly, turbulent ― "denotes the confused mixture of loud noises and ceaseless movement" (Waltke).

    Comment


    • Proverbs 9:13b

      Text (BHS):
      פְּתַיּ֗וּת וּבַל־יָ֥דְעָה מָּֽה

      Transliteration (Accordance):
      pᵉṯayyûṯ ûḇal-yāḏᵉʿāh mā


      Translation (Waltke):
      she is totally gullible* and does not know** anything***.
      *Literally “gullibility.” For the hapax legomena ksylwt and ptywt see Grollenberg, “A propos de Prov. VIII,6 et XVII,27,” RB 59 (1952) 40–42.
      **McKane (Proverbs, p. 367) follows D. W. Thomas (“The Root ydʿ in Hebrew,” JTS 35 [1934] 236–38) in deriving the word ydʿ from Arabic wdʿ, but see 5:6, n. 15.
      ***The interrogative pronoun here functions as an indefinite pronoun (GKC #137c), and the dagesh may signal the unexpected use (IBHS, p. 22, P. 1.5.4e). The LXX (Syriac) reads “shame.” McKane (Proverbs, p. 367) believes that this translation arises from “an attempt to make sense of a difficult Hebrew text, rather than as a translation of kᵉlimmâ in a Hebrew text different from MT.” Toy (Proverbs, p. 189), though hesitatingly adopting this reading, observes that the implied Hebrew word elsewhere means “obloquy,” not “sense of shame” (Ps. 35:26; Prov. 18:13; Isa. 50:7; Jer. 51:51).


      Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
      פְּתַיּ֗וּת (pᵉṯayyûṯ) : simpleness, lack of wisdom Pr. 9:13 → פתה be simple, be enticed : [she is] totally gullible.
      וּבַל־יָ֥דְעָה (ûḇal-yāḏᵉʿāh) : וּ (û) : conjunction : and.
      בַל (ḇal) : negation : [does] not.
      יָ֥דְעָה (yāḏᵉʿāh) : Qal perfect 3 f.s. of יָדַע (yāḏaʿ) : know.
      מָּֽה () : interrogative pronoun here functioning as an indefinite pronoun (GKC #137c) : anything.

      Comment


      • Hebrews 9:14a

        Text (BHS):
        וְֽיָשְׁבָה לְפֶ֣תַח בֵּיתָ֑הּ

        Transliteration (Accordance):
        wᵉyāšᵉḇāh lᵉp̱eṯaḥ bêṯāh


        Translation (Waltke):
        And she sits at the opening of her house

        Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
        וְֽיָשְׁבָה (wᵉyāšᵉḇāh) : conjunction וְֽ (wᵉ) + Qal perfect 3 f.s. of יָשַׁב (yāšaḇ) : and she sits.
        לְפֶ֣תַח (lᵉp̱eṯaḥ) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + construct of פֶּתַח (p̱eṯaḥ) : at the opening of.
        בֵּיתָ֑הּ (bêṯāh) : noun בַּיִת (bayiṯ) + 2 f.s. suffix : her house.

        Comment


        • Within the past 24 hours,

          I have noticed that my memory has suddenly become so weak

          that my brain can no longer transfer the spelling of a word

          from a dictionary to a target page.

          I really just cannot manage to do it, no matter how I try.

          I really miss my mind...

          Comment



          • Comment


            • Proverbs 9:14b

              Text (BHS):
              עַל־כִּ֝סֵּ֗א מְרֹ֣מֵי קָֽרֶת

              Transliteration (Accordance):
              ʿal-kissēʾ mᵉrōmê qāreṯ


              Translation (Waltke):
              on a throne on the heights of the city

              Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
              עַל־כִּ֝סֵּ֗א (ʿal-kissēʾ) : preposition עַל (ʿal) + construct כִּ֝סֵּ֗א (kissēʾ) : on a seat/throne.
              מְרֹ֣מֵי קָֽרֶת (mᵉrōmê qāreṯ) : plural construct of מָרוֹם (mārôm) + pausal vocalization of קֶרֶת (qereṯ) : on the heights of the city.

              Comment


              • Proverbs 9:15a

                Text (BHS):
                לִקְרֹ֥א לְעֹֽבְרֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ

                Transliteration (Accordance):
                liqrōʾ lᵉʿōḇᵉrê-ḏāreḵ


                Translation (Waltke):
                calling out* to those who pass along the way
                *Gerundive use of lamed with infinitive construct (IBHS, pp. 608–9, P. 36.2.3e).

                Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                לִקְרֹ֥א (liqrōʾ) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct of קָרָא (qārāʾ) : calling out.
                לְעֹֽבְרֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ (lᵉʿōḇᵉrê-ḏāreḵ) : לְ (lᵉ) + Qal participle of עָבַר (ʿāḇar) + pausal vocalization of דֶּרֶךְ (dereḵ) : to those who pass along the way.

                Comment


                • Proverbs 9:15b

                  Text (BHS):
                  הַֽמְיַשְּׁרִ֗ים אֹֽרְחוֹתָֽם

                  Transliteration (Accordance):
                  hamyaššᵉrı̂m ʾōrᵉḥôṯām


                  Translation (Waltke):
                  to those who make their paths straight

                  Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                  הַֽמְיַשְּׁרִ֗ים (hamyaššᵉrı̂m) : definite article הַ (ha) + Piel m.p. participle of יָשַׁר (yāšar) : to those who make straight.
                  אֹֽרְחוֹתָֽם (ʾōrᵉḥôṯām) : plural of אֹרַח (ʾōraḥ) + pronominal m.p. suffix : their paths.

                  Comment


                  • Proverbs 9:16a

                    Text (BHS):
                    מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה

                    Transliteration (Accordance):
                    mı̂-p̱eṯı̂ yāsur hēnnā


                    Translation (Waltke):
                    "Whoever is gullible, let him turn aside here."

                    Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                    מִי־פֶ֭תִי (mı̂-p̱eṯı̂) : pronoun interrogative מִי (mı̂) + adjective פֶ֭תִי (peṯı̂) : whoever is naive.
                    יָסֻ֣ר (yāsur) : Qal imperfect 3 m.s. apocopated of סוּר (sûr) : let him turn aside.
                    הֵ֑נָּה (hēnnā) : here.

                    Comment


                    • Proverbs 9:16b

                      Text (BHS):
                      וַחֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב וְאָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ

                      Transliteration (Accordance):
                      waḥᵃsar-lēḇ wᵉʾāmᵉrāh lô


                      Translation (Waltke):
                      As for the one who has no sense, she says* to him,
                      *Literally, “and she says to him.” For the use of a conjunctive after the nominal absolute see IBHS, pp. 76–77, P. 4.7c, #6. The third person is preferred to the easier first person of the LXX and Syriac.

                      Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                      וַחֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב (waḥᵃsar-lēḇ) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + adjective m.s. construct חָסֵר (ḥāsēr) + noun לֵב (lēḇ) : as for the one who has no sense.
                      וְאָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ (wᵉʾāmᵉrāh lô) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + Qal perfect 3 f.s. of אָמַר (ʾāmar) + prep. לְ (lᵉ) + 3 m.s. suffix וֹ (ô) : [and] she says to him.

                      Comment


                      • Proverbs 9:17a

                        Text (BHS):
                        מַֽיִם־גְּנוּבִ֥ים יִמְתָּ֑קוּ

                        Transliteration (Accordance):
                        mayim-gᵉnûḇı̂m yimtāqû


                        Translation (Waltke):
                        "Stolen water is sweet,

                        Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                        מַֽיִם (mayim) : water.
                        גְּנוּבִ֥ים (gᵉnûḇı̂m) : Qal passive m.p. participle of גָּנַב (gānaḇ) : stolen.
                        מָתֹק (māṯōq) : is sweet.

                        Comment


                        • Proverbs 9:17b

                          Text (BHS):
                          וְלֶ֖חֶם סְתָרִ֣ים יִנְעָֽם

                          Transliteration (Accordance):
                          wᵉleḥem sᵉṯārı̂m yinʿām


                          Translation (Waltke):
                          and hidden food is pleasant."

                          Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                          וְלֶ֖חֶם (wᵉleḥem) : conjunction וְלֶ֖ (wᵉ) + noun לֶ֖חֶם (leḥem) : and food.
                          סְתָרִ֣ים (sᵉṯārı̂m) : plural of סֵתֶר (sēṯer) : of utter secrecy, i.e. gained stealthily (BDB).
                          יִנְעָֽם (yinʿām) : Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of נָעֵם (nāʿēm) : is pleasant.

                          Comment


                          • Proverbs 9:18a

                            Text (BHS):
                            וְֽלֹא־יָ֭דַע כִּֽי־רְפָאִ֣ים שָׁ֑ם

                            Transliteration (Accordance):
                            wᵉlōʾ-yāḏaʿ kı̂-rᵉp̱āʾı̂m šām


                            Translation (Waltke):
                            But he does not know that the dead are there;

                            Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                            וְֽלֹא־יָ֭דַע (wᵉlōʾ-yāḏaʿ) : conj. וְֽ (wᵉ) + negation וְלֹא (lōʾ) + Qal perfect 3 m.s. of יָדַע (yāḏaʿ) : but he does not know.
                            כִּֽי (kı̂) : conjunction that.
                            רְפָאִ֣ים (rᵉp̱āʾı̂m) : Wisdom Literature and late: [name of] the dead [in Sheol] (BDB) [are].
                            שָׁ֑ם (šām) : there.

                            Comment


                            • Proverbs 9:18b

                              Text (BHS):
                              בְּעִמְקֵ֖י שְׁא֣וֹל קְרֻאֶֽיהָ

                              Transliteration (Accordance):
                              bᵉʿimqê šᵉʾôl qᵉruʾêhā


                              Translation (Waltke):
                              those she invited* are in the depths of the grave.
                              *The original LXX adds to verse 18 a long, infelicitous expansion of about two verses admonishing flight from the unfaithful wife to reinforce the warning against the foreign wife.

                              Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                              בְּעִמְקֵ֖י (bᵉʿimqê) : prep. בְּ (bᵉ) + construct of עֹמֶק (ʿōmeq) : in the depths of.
                              שְׁא֣וֹל (šᵉʾôl) : Sheol/the grave.
                              קְרֻאֶֽיהָ (qᵉruʾêhā) : Qal passive m.p. participle of קָרָא (qārāʾ) + 3 f.s. suffix : [are] her invited ones/quests.

                              Comment


                              • Proverbs 10:1a

                                Text (BHS):
                                מִשְׁלֵ֗י שְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה

                                Transliteration (Accordance):
                                mišlê šᵉlōmōh


                                Translation (Waltke):
                                The proverbs of Solomon:*
                                *This superscription is missing in the LXX and Syriac, but finds support in ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature (see p. 31–32 ) and in the headings to the other collections in Proverbs (e.g., 22:17; 24:23; 25:1; 30:1; 31:1). Were this title more than three words, it would have been transmitted as a separate verse in the Masoretic tradition.

                                Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                                מִשְׁלֵ֗י (mišlê) : plural construct of מָשָׁל (māšāl) : the proverbs of.
                                שְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה (šᵉlōmōh) : Solomon.

                                Comment

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