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This is where we come to delve into the biblical text. Theology is not our foremost thought, but we realize it is something that will be dealt with in nearly every conversation. Feel free to use the original languages to make your point (meaning Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic). This is an exegetical discussion area, so please limit topics to purely biblical ones.

This is not the section for debates between theists and atheists. While a theistic viewpoint is not required for discussion in this area, discussion does presuppose a respect for the integrity of the Biblical text (or the willingness to accept such a presupposition for discussion purposes) and a respect for the integrity of the faith of others and a lack of an agenda to undermine the faith of others.

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Proverbs

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  • Proverbs 5:10b

    Text (BHS):
    וַעֲצָבֶיךָ בְּבֵית נָכְרִי

    Transliteration (Accordance):
    waʿᵃṣāḇêḵā bᵉḇêṯ noḵrı̂

    Translation (Waltke):
    and your strenuous labors be in an outsider's house.

    Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
    וַעֲצָבֶיךָ (waʿᵃṣāḇêḵā) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + plural of עֶצֶב (ʿeṣeḇ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : and your strenuous labors.
    בְּבֵית (bᵉḇêṯ) : prep. בְּ (bᵉ) + construct of בַּיִת (ḇayiṯ) : [be] in the house of.
    נָכְרִי (noḵrı̂) : an outsider.*
    *Snijders defines noḵrı̂ as "one who does not recognize something or someone as one's own." Evidently in this culture the jealous husband could find compensation by making the adulterer his slave for life; no monetary payment in itself could requite him (cf. 1:10-15; Ps. 109:11b). Although sexual immorality today may not lead to slavery, it still leads to alimony, child support, broken homes, hurt, jealousy, lonely people, and venereal disease.

    Comment


    • Proverbs 5:10b

      Text (BHS):
      וְנָהַמְתָּ בְאַחֲרִיתֶךָ

      Transliteration (Accordance):
      wᵉnāhamtā ḇᵉʾaḥᵃrı̂ṯeḵā

      Translation (Waltke):
      And you will groan* at the end of your life
      *The LXX and Syriac read "and you will repent (wᵉniḥamtā), but "groan" is stronger.

      Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
      וַעֲצָבֶיךָ (waʿᵃṣāḇêḵā) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + Qal perfect 2 m.s. of נָהַם (nāham) : and you will groan.
      בְאַחֲרִיתֶךָ (ḇᵉʾaḥᵃrı̂ṯeḵā) : prep. בְ (ḇᵉ) + אַחֲרִית (ʾaḥᵃrı̂ṯ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : at your afterwards.**
      **Waltke: ... "[A]t your afterwards" is best equated with the bitter "end" the seductive woman effects (verse 4), "when the results of the young man's folly show themselves in destitution and hunger" [Whybray]. The "end" refers to the outcome, that which comes after, the future in light of which the whole must be evaluated. "One can never judge life in accordance with the appearance of the moment, but one must keep "the end" in view [G. von Rad, Wisdom in Israel].

      Comment


      • Proverbs 5:11a

        Verse citation↑ corrected for this post:

        Text (BHS):
        וְנָהַמְתָּ בְאַחֲרִיתֶךָ

        Transliteration (Accordance):
        wᵉnāhamtā ḇᵉʾaḥᵃrı̂ṯeḵā

        Translation (Waltke):
        And you will groan* at the end of your life
        *The LXX and Syriac read "and you will repent (wᵉniḥamtā), but "groan" is stronger.

        Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
        וַעֲצָבֶיךָ (waʿᵃṣāḇêḵā) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + Qal perfect 2 m.s. of נָהַם (nāham) : and you will groan.
        בְאַחֲרִיתֶךָ (ḇᵉʾaḥᵃrı̂ṯeḵā) : prep. בְ (ḇᵉ) + אַחֲרִית (ʾaḥᵃrı̂ṯ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : at your afterwards.**
        **Waltke: ... "[A]t your afterwards" is best equated with the bitter "end" the seductive woman effects (verse 4), "when the results of the young man's folly show themselves in destitution and hunger" [Whybray]. The "end" refers to the outcome, that which comes after, the future in light of which the whole must be evaluated. "One can never judge life in accordance with the appearance of the moment, but one must keep "the end" in view [G. von Rad, Wisdom in Israel].

        Comment


        • Proverbs 5:11b

          Text (BHS):
          בִּכְלוֹת בְּשָׂרְךָ וּשְׁאֵרֶךָ

          Transliteration (Accordance):
          biḵlôṯ bᵉśārᵉḵā ûšᵉʾēreḵā

          Translation (Waltke):
          when you body and your flesh are spent

          Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
          בִּכְלוֹת (biḵlôṯ) : prep. בְּ (bᵉ) + Qal infinitive construct of כָּלָה (kālāh) : when are spent.
          בְּשָׂרְךָ (bᵉśārᵉḵā) : noun בָּשָׂר (bāśār) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your body.*
          וּשְׁאֵרֶךָ (ûšᵉʾēreḵā) : conj. וּ (û) + שְׁאֵר (šᵉʾēr) : and your flesh.*
          *The more common word your body (bāśār ...) denotes the fleshly substance of the whole body [almost always translated flesh -JR]; and emphatically, your flesh (ûšᵉʾēreḵā; only elsewhere at 11:17, and probably chosen for its assonance with bᵉśārᵉḵā) designates the meat full of blood, next to the bones, and connotes physical power.

          Comment


          • Proverbs 5:12a

            Text (BHS):
            וְאָמַרְתָּ אֵיךְ שָׂנֵאתִי מוּסָר

            Transliteration (Accordance):
            wᵉʾāmartā ʾêḵ śānēʾṯı̂ mûsār

            Translation (Waltke):
            and you will say, "How I hated instruction

            Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
            וְאָמַרְתָּ (wᵉʾāmartā) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + Qal perfect 2 m.s. of אָמַר (ʾāmar) : and you will say.
            אֵיךְ (ʾêḵ) : interjection/exclamation : how!
            שָׂנֵאתִי (śānēʾṯı̂) : Qal perfect 1 c.s. of שָׂנֵא (śānēʾ) : I hated.
            מוּסָר (mûsār) : instruction.

            Comment


            • Proverbs 5:12b

              Text (BHS):
              וְתוֹכַחַת נָאַץ לִבִּי

              Transliteration (Accordance):
              wᵉṯôḵaḥaṯ nāʾaṣ libbı̂

              Translation (Waltke):
              [how]* my heart spurned rebuke.**
              *Epexegetical waw is left untranslated (IBHS, pages 625-53, §39.2.4).
              **The LXX reads easier singular.

              Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
              וְאָמַרְתָּ (wᵉʾāmartā) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + noun תּוֹכַחַת (tôḵaḥaṯ) : and reproof.
              לִבִּי (libbı̂) : noun לֵב (lēḇ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : my heart.
              נָאַץ (nāʾaṣ) : Qal perfect 3 m.s. : spurned.

              Comment


              • Proverbs 5:13a

                Text (BHS):
                וְלֹא־שָׁמַעְתִּי בְּקוֹל מוֹרָי

                Transliteration (Accordance):
                wᵉlōʾ-šāmaʿtı̂ bᵉqôl môrāy

                Translation (Waltke):
                And I did not listen to the voice of my teachers*
                *The LXX reads easier singular.

                Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                וְלֹא־שָׁמַעְתִּי (wᵉlōʾ-šāmaʿtı̂) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + negation לֹא (lōʾ) + Qal perfect 1 c.s. of שָׁמַע (šāmaʿ) : and I did not listen.
                בְּקוֹל מוֹרָי (bᵉqôl môrāy) : prep. בְּ (bᵉ) + construct קוֹל (qôl) + plural of מוֹרֶה (môreh) + pausal 1 c.s. suffix : to the voice of my teachers.

                Comment


                • Proverbs 5:13b

                  Text (BHS):
                  וְלִמְלַמְּדַי לֹא־הִטִּיתִי אָזְנִי

                  Transliteration (Accordance):
                  wᵉlimlammᵉḏay lōʾ-hiṭṭı̂ṯı̂ ʾoznı̂

                  Translation (Waltke):
                  and to those who taught me, I did not turn my ear.

                  Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                  וְלִמְלַמְּדַי (wᵉlimlammᵉḏay) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + prep. לְ (lᵉ) + Piel plural participle of לָמַד (lāmaḏ) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : and to those who taught me.
                  לֹא־הִטִּיתִי אָזְנִי (lōʾ-hiṭṭı̂ṯı̂ ʾoznı̂) : negation לֹא (lōʾ) + Hiphil perfect 1 c.s. of נָטָה (nāṭāh) + noun אֹזֶן (ʾōzen) + pronominal 1 c.s. suffix : I did not turn my ear.

                  Comment


                  • Proverbs 5:14a

                    Text (BHS):
                    כִּמְעַט הָיִיתִי בְכָל־רָע

                    Transliteration (Accordance):
                    kimʿaṭ hāyı̂ṯı̂ ḇᵉḵol-rāʿ

                    Translation (OJB):
                    I was at the brink of all rah (evil, ruin)

                    Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                    כִּמְעַט (kimʿaṭ) : almost, soon (Waltke/HALOT).
                    הָיִיתִי (hāyı̂ṯı̂) : Qal perfect 1 c.s. of הָיָה (hāyāh) : I was.
                    בְכָל־רָע (ḇᵉḵol-rāʿ) : prep. בְ (ḇᵉ) + construct of כֹּל (kōl) + noun (pausal vocalization of) רַע (raʿ) : in utter ruin.

                    Comment


                    • Proverbs 5:14b

                      Text (BHS):
                      בְּתוֹךְ קָהָל וְעֵדָה

                      Transliteration (Accordance):
                      bᵉṯôḵ qāhāl wᵉʿēḏāh

                      Translation (Waltke):
                      in the midst of the congregation and the assembly.

                      Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                      בְּתוֹךְ (bᵉṯôḵ) : prep. בְּ (bᵉ) + construct of תָוֶךְ (ṯāweḵ) : in the midst of.
                      קָהָל (qāhāl) : the congregation.
                      וְעֵדָה (wᵉʿēḏāh) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + noun עֵדָה (ʿēḏāh) : and the assembly.

                      Comment


                      • Proverbs 5:15a

                        Text (BHS):
                        שְׁתֵה־מַיִם מִבּוֹרֶךָ

                        Transliteration (Accordance):
                        šᵉṯêh-mayim mibbôreḵā

                        Translation (Waltke):
                        Drink water from your own cistern*
                        *The LXX reads "your drinking vessel" (cf. 1 Thess. 4:4; 1 Pet. 3:7).

                        Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                        שְׁתֵה־מַיִם (šᵉṯêh-mayim) : Qal imperative 2 m.s. of שָׁתָה (šāṯāh) + noun (only occurs as plural) מַיִם (mayim) : drink water.
                        מִבּוֹרֶךָ (mibbôreḵā) : prep. מִן (min) + noun בּוֹר (bôr) + pausal vocalization of 2 m.s. suffix : from your [own] cistern.

                        Comment


                        • Proverbs 5:15b

                          Text (BHS):
                          וְנֹזְלִים מִתּוֹךְ בְּאֵרֶךָ

                          Transliteration (Accordance):
                          wᵉnōzᵉlı̂m mittôḵ bᵉʾēreḵā

                          Translation (Waltke):
                          and flowing streams from the midst* of your own well.**
                          *Or "out of," "from" (cf. Amos 6:4).
                          **The LXX has plural, losing the distinction between verses 15 and 16.

                          Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                          וְנֹזְלִים (wᵉnōzᵉlı̂m) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + Qal plural participle of נָזַל (nāzal) : and flowing streams.
                          מִתּוֹךְ (mittôḵ) : prep. מִן (min) + noun תָוֶךְ (ṯāweḵ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : from the midst of.
                          בְּאֵרֶךָ (bᵉʾēreḵā) : noun בְּאֵר (ḇᵉʾēr) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your own well.

                          Comment


                          • Proverbs 5:16a

                            Text (BHS):
                            יָפוּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶיךָ חוּצָה

                            Transliteration (Accordance):
                            yāp̱ûṣû maʿyᵉnōṯêḵā ḥûṣāh

                            Translation (Waltke):
                            Should* your springs overflow without?
                            *Interpreting the prefixed form as a deliberative imperfect (IBHS, p. 508 §31.4f), not as a jussive. Questions of fact are not always marked in Hebrew (IBHS, p. 316, note 1).

                            Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                            יָפוּצוּ (yāp̱ûṣû) : Qal imperfect 3 m.p. of פּוּץ (pûṣ) : should overflow.
                            מַעְיְנֹתֶיךָ (maʿyᵉnōṯêḵā) : plural of מַעְיָן (maʿyān) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your springs.
                            חוּצָה (ḥûṣāh) : noun חוּץ (ḥûṣ) + locale ה : outside?

                            Comment


                            • Proverbs 5:16b

                              Text (BHS):
                              בָּרְחֹבוֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָיִם

                              Transliteration (Accordance):
                              borḥōḇôṯ palg̱ê-māyim

                              Translation (Waltke):
                              Your* channels** of water in the open squares?
                              *The pronominal suffix is sometimes gapped in the B verset.
                              **Peleg can designate the streams of a river (Psa. 46:4[5]), or, as a hyperbole, tears down the cheek (Psa. 119:136; La. 3:48).

                              Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                              בָּרְחֹבוֹת (borḥōḇôṯ) : prep. בְּ (bᵉ) + definite article + plural of רְחוֹב (rᵉḥôḇ) : in the open squares.
                              פַּלְגֵי־מָיִם (palg̱ê-māyim) : plural construct of פֶּלֶג (p̱eleg̱) + noun (occurs only in plural) מָיִם (māyim) : channels of water?

                              Comment


                              • Proverbs 5:17a

                                Text (BHS):
                                יִהְיוּ־לְךָ לְבַדֶּךָ

                                Transliteration (Accordance):
                                yihyû-lᵉḵā lᵉḇaddeḵā

                                Translation (Waltke):
                                Let them be for yourself* alone**
                                *The lamed of interest in lᵉḵā establishes the "yourself" in the idiom lᵉḇaddeḵā as determinedly dissociated from strangers; its notion of isolation and seclusion and its use with the imperative cannot be translated (IBHS, p. 208, §11.2.10d).
                                **Literally "in a state of separation for yourself."

                                Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                                יִהְיוּ־לְךָ (yihyû-lᵉḵā) : Qal jussive 3 m.p. of הָיָה (hāyāh) + prep. לְ (lᵉ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : let them be for yourself
                                לְבַדֶּךָ (lᵉḇaddeḵā) : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + noun בַּד (ḇaḏ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : alone.

                                Comment by Waltke:
                                The jussive let them be (yihyû) continues the admonition to find the source of sexual pleasure from the privacy of marriage, not from springs with the common rabble. The privacy of conjugal love is underscored by for yourself alone (lᵉḵā, literally "for yourself in radical isolation from others; see note*).

                                Comment

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