Revelation

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:9

Text: (NA27):

Μετὰ ταῦτα εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ὄχλος πολύς, ὃν ἀριθμῆσαι αὐτὸν οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο, ἐκ παντὸς ἔθνους καὶ φυλῶν καὶ λαῶν καὶ γλωσσῶν ἑστῶτες ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου καὶ ἐνώπιον τοῦ ἀρνίου περιβεβλημένους στολὰς λευκὰς καὶ φοίνικες ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτῶν

Transliteration (Accordance):

Meta tauta eidon, kai idou ochlos polys, hon arithmēsai auton oudeis edynato, ek pantos ethnous kai phylōn kai laōn kai glōssōn hestōtes enōpion tou thronou kai enōpion tou arniou peribeblēmenous stolas leukas kai phoinikes en tais chersin autōn

Translation (NRSV):

After this I looked, and there was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, robed in white, with palm branches in their hands.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ : Hebraism meaning "I had a vision of..."
ὄχλος πολύς : a great crowd.
ἀριθμῆσαι : aorist infinitive of ἀριθμέω count, number.
αυτόν : redundant after ὃν.
ἐδύνατο : imperfect of δύναμαι can, be able, capable.
γλῶσσα : tongue.
ἑστῶτες : standing, perfect (intransitive with present meaning) participle of ἵστημι ; here plural according to the sense of ὄχλος.
θρόνος : throne.
ἀρνίον : lamb.
περιβεβλημένους : perfect passive participle (accusative as if dependent on εἶδον) of περιβάλλω put on or around one ; perfect passive wear.
στολή : long robe.
λευκός white.
φοίνιξ, -ικος, ὁ : palm tree ; palm branch or leaf.
χερσὶν : dative plural of χείρ hand.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:10

Text: (NA27):
Transliteration (Accordance):

kai krazousin phōnȩ̄ megalȩ̄ legontes; hē sōtēria tō̧ theō̧ hēmōn tō̧ kathēmenō̧ epi tō̧ thronō̧ kai tō̧ arniō̧.

Translation (NRSV):
Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

κράζω : cry out.
σωτηρία : salvation, σωτηρία τῷ θεῷ salvation (be ascribed) to God!
τῷ καθημένῳ : to him (who is) seated, participle of κάθημαι.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:11

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ πάντες οἱ ἄγγελοι εἱστήκεισαν κύκλῳ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων καὶ τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων καὶ ἔπεσαν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου ἐπὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ θεῷ

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai pantes hoi aggeloi heistēkeisan kyklō̧ tou thronou kai tōn presbyterōn kai tōn tessarōn zō̧ōn kai epesan enōpion tou thronou epi ta prosōpa autōn kai prosekynēsan tō̧ theō̧

Translation (NRSV):

And all the angels stood around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

εἱστήκεισαν : pluperfect of perfect-present (intransitive) ἑστηκα stand (ἵστημι).
κύκλῳ : around.
τέσσαρες = 4.
ζῷον : animal ; in Revelation living creature (Exek. 1:5-6).
ἔπεσαν : (for -ον) aorist of πίπτω fall.
προσεκύνησαν : aorist of προσκυνέω (τινί) prostrate oneself before (one) ; worship.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:12

Text: (NA27):
Transliteration (Accordance):

legontes; amēn, hē eulogia kai hē doxa kai hē sophia kai hē eucharistia kai hē timē kai hē dynamis kai hē ischys tō̧ theō̧ hēmōn eis tous aiōnas tōn aiōnōn; amēn.

Translation (NRSV):
Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

εὐλογία : blessing, praise.
σοφία : wisdom.
εὐχαριστία : thanksgiving.
τιμή : honor.
ἰσχύς : might.
εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων : for ever and ever.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:13

Text: (NA27):
Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai apekrithē heis ek tōn presbyterōn legōn moi; houtoi hoi peribeblēmenoi tas stolas tas leukas tines eisin kai pothen ēlthon?

Translation (NRSV):
Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἀπεκρίθη : aorist deponent of ἀποκρίνομαι.
εἷς : for τις.
ἐκ : for partitive genitive.
περιβεβλημένοι : perfect passive participle of περιβάλλω put on or around one ; perfect passive wear.
στολή : long robe.
λευκός : white.
πόθεν; : from where?.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:14

Text: (NA27):
Transliteration (Accordance):

ai eirēka autō̧; kyrie mou, sy oidas. kai eipen moi; houtoi eisin hoi erchomenoi ek tēs thlipseōs tēs megalēs kai eplynan tas stolas autōn kai eleukanan autas en tō̧ haimati tou arniou.

Translation (WEB):
Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

εἴρηκα : aoristic perfect of λέγω say, tell.
θλῖψις : distress, suffering, tribulation.
ἔπλυναν : aorist of πλύνω wash.
ἐλεύκαναν : aorist of λευκαίνω make white.
ἀρνίον : lamb.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:15

Text: (NA27):

διὰ τοῦτό εἰσιν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ λατρεύουσιν αὐτῷ ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου σκηνώσει ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς.

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (NRSV):

For this reason they are before the throne of God, and worship him day and night within his temple, and the one who is seated on the throne will shelter them.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

διὰ τοῦτό : that is why.
θρόνος : throne.
λατρεύω : serve, worship God (especially corporate worship whether by priest or laity).
ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς : (by) day and (by) night, genitive of time within which.
ναός : heavenly sanctuary.
καθήμενος : participle of κάθημαι sit.
σκηνώσει : future of σκηνόω (< σκηνή tent) encamp, hence dwell ; σκηνώσει ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς his presence will rest over them.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:16

Text: (NA27):

οὐ πεινάσουσιν ἔτι οὐδὲ διψήσουσιν ἔτι οὐδὲ μὴ πέσῃ ἐπ᾿ αὐτοὺς ὁ ἥλιος οὐδὲ πᾶν καῦμα

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (NRSV):

They will hunger no more, and thirst no more; the sun will not strike them, nor any scorching heat

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

οὐ ... ἔτι : no more.
πεινάσουσιν : future of πεινάω be hungry.
διψήσουσιν : future of διψάω be thirsty.
οὐδὲ μή : (like οὐ μή) with subjunctive, emphatic negative referring to the future.
πέσῃ : aorist subjunctive of πίπτω fall.
ἥλιος : sun.
οὐδὲ πᾶν καῦμα : nor any heat, οὐ ... πᾶν rendering Semitic idiom.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:17

Text: (NA27):

ὅτι τὸ ἀρνίον τὸ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ θρόνου ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς καὶ ὁδηγήσει αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ ζωῆς πηγὰς ὑδάτων, καὶ ἐξαλείψει ὁ θεὸς πᾶν δάκρυον ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

hoti to arnion to ana meson tou thronou poimanei autous kai hodēgēsei autous epi zōēs pēgas hydatōn, kai exaleipsei ho theos pan dakryon ek tōn ophthalmōn autōn.

Translation (NRSV):

for the Lamb at the center of the throne will be their shepherd, and he will guide them to springs of the water of life, and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἀνὰ μέσον : between, here in the middle.
ποιμανεῖ : future of ποιμαίνω tend sheep, lead sheep to pasture, metonymy care for.
ὁδηγήσει : future of ὁδηγέω lead.
πηγή : a spring.
ἐξαλείψει : future of ἐξαλείφω wipe away.
πᾶν : without article every
δάκρυον : tear.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:1

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ὅταν ἤνοιξεν τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἑβδόμην, ἐγένετο σιγὴ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ὡς ἡμιώριον.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai hotan ēnoixen tēn sphragida tēn hebdomēn, egeneto sigē en tō̧ ouranō̧ hōs hēmiōrion.

Translation (NRSV):

When the Lamb opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven for about half an hour.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ὅταν : in Hellenistic Greek sometimes just when.
ἤνοιξεν : aorist of ἀνοίγω open.
σφραγίς, -ῖδος, ἡ : seal.
ἕβδομος : seventh.
ἐγένετο : aorist of γίνομαι be.
σιγή : silence.
ὡς : about.
ἡμιώριον : (< ἥμισυ half + ὥρα) : a half-hour.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:2

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλους οἳ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ ἑστήκασιν, καὶ ἐδόθησαν αὐτοῖς ἑπτὰ σάλπιγγες.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai eidon tous hepta aggelous hoi enōpion tou theou hestēkasin, kai edothēsan autois hepta salpigges.

Translation (NRSV):

And I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven trumpets were given to them.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἑστήκασιν : perfect (intransitive with present meaning) of ἵστημι: οἳ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ ἑστήκασιν Hebraism meaning who serve God.
ἐδόθησαν : aorist passive of δίδωμι give.
σάλπιγξ, -ιγγος, ἡ : trumpet.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:3

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ἄλλος ἄγγελος ἦλθεν καὶ ἐστάθη ἐπὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου ἔχων λιβανωτὸν χρυσοῦν, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ θυμιάματα πολλά, ἵνα δώσει ταῖς προσευχαῖς τῶν ἁγίων πάντων ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai allos aggelos ēlthen kai estathē epi tou thysiastēriou echōn libanōton chrysoun, kai edothē autō̧ thymiamata polla, hina dōsei tais proseuchais tōn hagiōn pantōn epi to thysiastērion to chrysoun to enōpion tou thronou.

Translation (NRSV):

Another angel with a golden censer came and stood at the altar; he was given a great quantity of incense to offer with the prayers of all the saints on the golden altar that is before the throne.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἐστάθη : stood, aorist passive (intransitive) of ἵστημι.
ἐπί : (with genitive) at.
θυσιαστήριον : alter.
λιβανωτός : (< λίβανος frankincense Mt 2:11) incense ; censer.
χρυσοῦς, -ῆ, -οῦν : (of) gold.
θυμίαμα : incense.
δώσει : future of δίδωμι give ; future after ἵνα instead of subjunctive ; understand "it" as object.
προσευχή : prayer, dative of interest, "for", translate with the prayers...
θρόνος : throne.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:4

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἀνέβη ὁ καπνὸς τῶν θυμιαμάτων ταῖς προσευχαῖς τῶν ἁγίων ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἀγγέλου ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai anebē ho kapnos tōn thymiamatōn tais proseuchais tōn hagiōn ek cheiros tou aggelou enōpion tou theou.

Translation (NRSV):

And the smoke of the incense, with the prayers of the saints, rose before God from the hand of the angel.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἀνέβη : aorist of ἀναβαίνω go up, ascend.
καπνός : smoke.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:5

Text: (NA27):

καὶ εἴληφεν ὁ ἄγγελος τὸν λιβανωτὸν καὶ ἐγέμισεν αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ ἔβαλεν εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἐγένοντο βρονταὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ ἀστραπαὶ καὶ σεισμός.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai eilēphen ho aggelos ton libanōton kai egemisen auton ek tou pyros tou thysiastēriou kai ebalen eis tēn gēn, kai egenonto brontai kai phōnai kai astrapai kai seismos.

Translation (NRSV):

Then the angel took the censer and filled it with fire from the altar and threw it on the earth; and there were peals of thunder, rumblings, flashes of lightning, and an earthquake.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

εἴληφεν : (aoristic) perfect of λαμβάνω take.
ἐγέμισεν : aorist of γεμίζω fill.
πῦρ : fire, i.e. red hot coals.
ἔβαλεν : aorist of βάλλω throw.
ἐγένοντο : aorist of γίνομαι be.
βροντή : thunder.
ἀστραπή : lightening.
σεισμός : earthquake.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:6

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ οἱ ἑπτὰ ἄγγελοι οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς ἑπτὰ σάλπιγγας ἡτοίμασαν αὐτοὺς ἵνα σαλπίσωσιν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai hoi hepta aggeloi hoi echontes tas hepta salpiggas hētoimasan autous hina salpisōsin.

Translation (NRSV):

Now the seven angels who had the seven trumpets made ready to blow them.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

σάλπιγξ, -ιγγος, ἡ : trumpet.
ἡτοίμασαν : aorist of ἑτοιμάζω (< ἕτοιμος ready) prepare.
σαλπίσωσιν : aorist subjunctive of σαλπίζω sound, blow a trumpet.